Jupiter’s normalized moment of inertia (NMOI) as a function of core mass fraction (left) and core size fraction (right). Black solid, red dashed, and blue dotted curves correspond to Case (1), Case (2), and Case (3), respectively (for details of these three extreme cases, see the text). The allowed results are constrained by these three extreme cases. It is suggested that the measured NMOI can be used as a useful constraint to the interior models of Jupiter. Additionally, solutions for core densities of ρ_C = 20 and 10 g cm⁻³ are, respectively, shown by green dash-dot and orange dash-dot-dot lines.