Time-averaged horizontal proper motions in active region NOAA 12673 computed with DAVE4VM for the pre-flare, interim, and post-flare phases (left-to-right). Color-coded vectors indicate magnitude and direction of the horizontal flows. The background images are LOS velocity maps based on spectral inversions at 08:36 UT, 10:36 UT, and 11:00 UT scaled between ± 1.4 km s⁻¹ (black and white correspond to blue and redshifts).