Thermal contribution of Chariklo rings. Top: Ring temperature model: particle temperature (light blue) and ring brightness temperature at three wavelengths (red: 12.5 μm, green: 70 μm, dark blue: 1287 μm) as a function of time over 1980–2030 for Chariklo’s C1R τ = 0.4 (thick lines) and C2R τ = 0.06 (thin lines) rings. They are compared to the 70 μm brightness temperature of Chariklo itself (black). The dotted line represents the emissivity factor (1 – e^−τ/B), multiplied by 100. Bottom: effect of rings on the apparent diameter. See text for details.