Observable signatures during a transit of an exoplanet covering 1.5% of the stellar surface across a solar-temperature star for differently strong spectral lines, different excitation potentials, and different velocities of stellar rotation. Top row shows synthetic Fe I line profiles in integrated starlight for rotational velocities V sin i = 1, and 5 km s^-1, and for excitation potentials χ = 1 eV (blue dashed) and 5 eV (red dotted). The second row shows the spatially resolved lines at different center-to-limb positions and the third row shows the observable ratios between line profiles during and outside transit, as in Fig. 9. The bottom row shows the Rossiter-McLaughlin signal, i.e., the apparent radial velocity of the star relative to its true center-of-mass motion, obtained as a Gaussian fit to the line profile in integrated starlight (however, neglecting gravitational redshift). The displacements between the curves (1 eV – solid blue; 5 eV – dashed red) reflect the dependence of convective blueshift on excitation potential.