Extraction and outgassing evolution of H₂O and CO₂ for models with initial water concentrations () between 250 and 1000 ppm, an initial mantle temperature of 1700 K, and an oxygen fugacity at the IW buffer. Panel a: Concentration of H₂O in the extracted melt (solid lines) and, for the reference model only, concentration of water at saturation (dashed line) are shown; b) average melt fraction is shown; c) partial pressure of outgassed H₂O (also expressed as equivalent ocean thickness) is shown; d) partial pressure of outgassed CO₂ is shown.