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Table 1

Main parameters of the model.

Parameters 3C 273 Mrk 231 M 87

d: distance [Mpc] 730 180 16
SRF: star formation rate [M yr-1] 100 350
hd: stellar disk thickness [pc] 100 23
Rd: stellar disk radius [pc] 300 300 3100
Lc: jet power [erg s-1] 1046 1043 1044
zmax: jet height [pc] 300 70 5000
Γ: Lorentz factor 10 6 3
θ: opening angle [rad] 0.1 0.1 0.1
i: inclination [°] 6 10 20

Notes. References for all parameter values are given in Sect. 4. Distances are taken from NED as of March 2017.

(⋆)

Radius of the galactic bulge. The stars in M 87 are assumed to be spherically distributed.

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