Left panels: fourth Minkowski functional V₃ versus mass fraction mf for the BGW superclusters. Right panels: shapefinders K₁ (planarity) and K₂ (filamentarity) plane for a supercluster. The morphological signature in the K₁−K₂ plane is parametrically defined as K₁(mf) and K₂(mf). The right-hand end of the K₁–K₂ curve corresponds to the whole supercluster (the mass fraction mf = 0); the mass fraction increases counterclockwise along the K₁−K₂ curve. The sizes of open circles are proportional to the value of V₃ at a given mass fraction mf. They show the change of the clumpiness with the mass fraction together with the changes in the morphological signature. See text for more details.