Tidal torques exerted on the atmosphere in the case of the slowly rotating convective atmosphere (red line with the label “Conv”, Eq. (174)) and in the model by Correia & Laskar (2001) (green dashed line with the label “CL01”, Eq. (175)) as functions of the tidal frequency. Both functions are normalized by their respective maximum value, reached at σ = σ₀; the tidal frequency is normalized by the Newtonian cooling frequency (σ₀). The tidal forcing is quadrupolar, with U and J given by Sect. 4.3. The parameters a and b of Eq. (175) are adjusted so that the peaks of the two functions are superposed.