Baade’s window finding chart. Left panel: position of Baade’s window in a broader bulge area depicted by an extinction map (white box), as obtained from the results of Gonzalez et al. (2012). The approximate position of other studied bulge fields, including those of the ARGOS and GES surveys, are depicted as indicated in the figure. Right panel: zoom of the highlighted area around Baade’s window showing the position of individual stars from the studies compared to APOGEE in this paper. The distribution of APOGEE targets span a larger area, so that the targets displayed here are a subset of those adopted in this study.