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Table 2

Locations, setups and image acquisition parameters of successful observers, and disappearance/reappearance times derived from obtained light curves.

Observer Schindler & Wolf Olsen Bardecker

Closest city Alder Springs, CA Urbana, IL Gardnerville, NV
Latitude N (deg mm ss.ss) 37 04 13.50 40 05 12.40 38 53 23.53
Longitude W (deg mm ss.ss) 119 24 45.00 88 11 46.30 119 40 20.32
Altitude (m) 1405 224 1534
Telescope type Ritchey-Chrétien Newtonian Schmidt-Cassegrain
Aperture, focal ratio 600 mm, f/8 500 mm, f/4 304 mm, f/3.3
Camera Andor iXon DU-888E-C00-BV Watec 120N+ MallinCam B/W Special
Sensor type Frame transfer EMCCD (e2v CCD201-20, back-illuminated, grade 1) Interline transfer CCD (Sony ICX418ALL) Interline transfer CCD (Sony ICX428ALL-A with micro lenses)
Sensor cooling (temperaturea) Thermo-electrical (−80°C) None (−9°C) None (+ 4°C)
Frame grabber card Andor CCI-24 PCIe Pinnacle DVC-100 Hauppauge USB-Live2
File format FITS, uncompressed Video, uncompressed Video, Lagarithb codec
GPS time logger Spectrum Instruments TM-4, triggered by electronic shutter of camera Kiwi Video Time Inserter (VTI), overlaying GPS time stamp on camera frames IOTA Video Time Inserter (VTI), overlaying GPS time stamp on camera frames
Integration time (s) 2.000 4.271 2.135
Camera-internal frame accumulation none 128 × 1/29.97 64 × 1/29.97
Cycle time per frame (s) 2.00345 0.03337 0.03337
Disappearance (D) time from square-well fit (UTC) 10:19:24.356 ± 0.159 10:18:05.447 ± 1.032 10:19:29.151 ± 0.452
Reappearance (R) time from square-well fit (UTC) 10:19:50.249 ± 0.159 10:18:26.802 ± 1.032 10:19:48.370 ± 0.452
Duration of event (s) 25.893 ± 0.225 21.355 ± 1.459 19.219 ± 0.639
Chord length (km) 641.0 ± 3.9 525.9 ± 25.4 475.7 ± 11.2
SNRc, star & target combined ≈ 12.6 ≈ 4.1 ≈ 4.7

Notes. None of the observers have used any broadband filter.

(a)

Given temperatures are measured at the image sensor (Schindler & Wolf) or close to the telescope setup at the time of recording (Olsen, Bardecker).

(b)

Lossless video compression algorithm.

(c)

Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio per data point.

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