Decline rate (Δm₁₅) versus peak absolute r-band magnitude for SNe Iax. As in Fig. 5, unfilled circles are SNe Iax in the R-band, again with the exception of SN 2004cs, which is based on unfiltered imaging. Grey crosses denote the models discussed in Sect. 5. Black points are values typical of normal SNe Ia, taken from Carnegie Supernova Project⁷ (Hamuy et al. 2006) fits to SNe Ia data. Note objects shown here that are not shown in Fig. 5 as they lack good pre-maximum coverage are: SNe 2003gq, 2005cc, 2008ae, 2011ay, PTF 11hyh, and PS15csd. Distances to PS15csd, and PTF 11hyh, 09ego, and 09eoi are derived based on the estimated redshift. The data sources for all objects are listed in Table A.8.