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Table 2
Time scales (years) to accumulate a dose of 1, 10 and 100 eV/16u by cosmic ion irradiation of icy mantles of dust grains in pre- and proto-stellar regions.
| Dose (eV/16u) | Timescale (yr) | |||
|
|
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| ionization rate (s-1) | ||||
| 1.3 × 10-17 | 6 × 10-17 | 3 × 10-16 | 1.3 × 10-15 | |
|
|
||||
| 1 | 1.1 × 107 | 2.5 × 106 | 5.0 × 105 | 1.1 × 105 |
| 10 | 1.1 × 108 | 2.5 × 107 | 5.0 × 106 | 1.1 × 106 |
| 100 | 1.1 × 109 | 2.5 × 108 | 5.0 × 107 | 1.1 × 107 |
Notes. The time scales have been estimated for different hydrogen ionization rates (ζH2 (s-1)) in the range measured in different regions.
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