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Fig. 14

image

HDO / H2O ratio in the bulk ice in the two grids (with and without the reaction-diffusion competition) of models as functions of AV. For the case without the competition (yellow), the solid line represents the model with Nact = 4, Edes(H2) = 550 K, and the low-metal abundances. The areas represent the models including variations in Nact and Edes(H2), while the light-colored areas represent the models including variations in Nact, Edes(H2), and the initial abundances. For the case with the competition, the models with different Edes(H2) are shown by different colors. The solid lines represent the models with Nact = 4. The areas represent models including the variations in Nact, while the light-colored areas represent the models including the variations in Nact and the initial abundances. The vertical dashed and dotted lines indicate the regions where the fraction of elemental oxygen in the atomic form becomes less than 10% and 1%, respectively, in the models represented by the solid lines.

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