Table 2
Comet type and classification with observed main species and hydrocarbons at comets.
| Type | Comet | Classification | H2O | CO | CO2 | CH4 | C2H2 | C2H6 |
|
|
||||||||
| HTC | 1P/Halley | T[A,B] | 100 | 3.5a,[1]; 11b,[1]; | 3-4[2]; 3.5[3]; | <1[4]; 0.6[5] | 0.3[1,5] | 0.4[1,5] |
H(CH, C |
13b,[5] | 2.5[5] | ||||||
| LPC | C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) | T[B]; D[D] | 100 | 12[6]; 23[6,7] | 6[8] | 1.5[9] | 0.1[9]; 0.3[10]; | 0.6[10] |
| H(CH, C3)[C] | 0.2[11] | |||||||
| LPC | C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake) | T[B,C] | 100 | 14[12,13]; | 0.8[9,16] | 0.2[17]; 0.5[18] | 0.6[16] | |
| 19-30[12,14,15] | ||||||||
| LPC | C/2001 A2 (LINEAR) | T[C] | 100 | 3.9[19]; <3.7[39] | 1.2[40]; | 0.5[19] | 1.7[19] | |
| LPC | C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) | 100 | 4.03[20] | 0.67[20] | <0.05[20] | |||
| LPC | C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) | 100 | 7.2[21] | |||||
| JFC | 103P/Hartley 2 | 100 | 0.15–0.45[22] | 7[23]; 8[24]; | 0.08[26]; | 0.75[26] | ||
| <1[23] | 20[25] | 0.13–0.16[27] | 0.63–0.93[27] | |||||
| 0.08–0.13[41] | 0.71–0.95[41] | |||||||
| JFC | 73P/SW3/B | D[28] | 100 | <1.9[28] | <0.06–0.026[28] | 0.136–0.193[28]; | ||
| <0.3[29] | ||||||||
| JFC | 73P/SW3/C | D[28] | 100 | <2.6[28]; 0.5[30] | <0.25-0.39[29] | <0.033–0.049[28]; 0.23[29] | 0.065-0.119[28]; | |
| 0.15[29] | ||||||||
| JFC | 2P/Encke | T[A,B]; H(CH)[C]; | 100 | <1.77[31] | 0.34[31] | <0.08[31] | 0.32[31] | |
| L(NH)[C] | ||||||||
| JFC | 9P/Tempel 1 before impact | T[A,C]; L(C2)[B]; D[D] | 100 | <10[32] | 0.19[33]; 0.278[42] | |||
| JFC | 9P/Tempel 1 after impact | 100 | <32[32]; 4.3[33] | 0.54[33] | 0.13[33] | 0.35[33] | ||
| 0.199–0.397[42] | ||||||||
| JFC | 6P/d’Arrest | T[A,B,C] | 100 | <0.052[34] | 0.26[34] | |||
| JFC | 17P/Holmes | 100 | 0.344[35] | 1.78[35] | ||||
| JFC | 21P/Giacobini-Zinner | D[A,C] | 100 | 10[36]; | ≤0.28–0.42[37] | 0.2[36]; ≤0.05–0.08[37] | ||
| L(C2, NH2)[B] | ≤2.1–3.2[37] | |||||||
| JFC | 67P | T[C]; D[A]; L(C2)[B] | 100 | <22[38] | 7[38] | |||
| JFC | 67P summer hemisphere | D[43] | 100[43] | 2.7[43] | 2.5[43] | 0.13[43] | 0.045[43] | 0.32[43] |
| JFC | 67P winter hemisphere | T[43] | 100[43] | 20[43] | 80[43] | 0.56[43] | 0.55[43] | 3.3[43] |
Notes. This table is based on Table 1 in Bockelée-Morvan et al. (2004) and Table 4 in Mumma & Charnley (2011). The classification is based on Table 8 in Cochran et al. (2012), see notes and the references below. HTC, LPC, and JFC stand for Halley-type comet, long-period comet and Jupiter-family comet. References for the abundances: [1] Eberhardt (1999); [2] Combes et al. (1988); [3] Krankowsky et al. (1986); [4] Altwegg et al. (1994); [5] Rubin et al. (2011); [6] DiSanti et al. (2001); [7] Bockelée-Morvan et al. (2000); [8] Crovisier et al. (1997); [9] Gibb et al. (2003); [10] Dello Russo et al. (2001); [11] Despois et al. (2005); [12] DiSanti et al. (2003); [13] McPhate et al. (1996); [14] Biver et al. (1999); [15] Lis et al. (1997a); [16] Mumma et al. (1996); [17] Mumma et al. (2003); [18] Brooke et al. (1996); [19] Magee-Sauer et al. (2008) (9.5 July 2001); [20] Paganini et al. (2014); [21] Biver et al. (2014); [22] Weaver et al. (2011); [23] Weaver et al. (1994); [24] Colangeli et al. (1999); [25] A’Hearn et al. (2011); [26] Mumma et al. (2011), (22 October 2010); [27] Dello Russo et al. (2011); [28] Dello Russo et al. (2007); [29] Villanueva et al. (2006) ; [30] DiSanti et al. (2007a); [31] Radeva et al. (2013); [32] Biver et al. (2007); [33] Mumma et al. (2005); [34] Dello Russo et al. (2009) (11 August 2008); [35] Dello Russo et al. (2008) (27.6 October 2008, rh = 2.45 AU); [36] Mumma et al. (2000) (values for Trot = 35 K); [37] Weaver et al. (1999); [38] Ootsubo et al. (2012); [39] Biver et al. (2006) (values at 1.1 AU); [40] Gibb et al. (2007) (global mixing ratio, 9.5 July 2001); [41] Kawakita et al. (2013); [42] DiSanti et al. (2007b); [43] this work; abundance comments: notes for the classification : T = typical; D = depleted ; L(X) = low X; H(X) = high X; references for the classification: [A] A’Hearn et al. (1995); [B] Fink (2009); [C] Cochran et al. (2012); [D] Langland-Shula & Smith (2011).
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