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Fig. 4

image

Radio spectra for Betelgeuse at VLA wavelengths spanning 1972–2012. The continuous line represents the radio spectrum from Newell & Hjellming (1982) and includes measurements up to 90 GHz. The dashed line is the almost identical spectrum from Drake et al. (1992). The dash-dotted line is the radio spectrum that best fits the more recent data between 1996–2004 and is described by Fν = 0.18 mJy ν1.33. The flux density from the e-MERLIN 5.2 cm observation and a 100 GHz flux density measurement from Harper et al. (2009) are also shown.

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