Simulated kinetic energy of the particles as a function of the resulting energy deposition in the detector. Energy deposition in the detector based on the kinetic energy of the particle. Simulation results for forward- (filled) and backward- (open) penetrating electrons (triangle, right axes), protons (squares), helium particles (circles), and secondary protons (diamonds) are shown. In addition, calculations based on the Bethe-Bloch equation (dashed lines) and fit results (solid lines) for the ions are presented. The shaded area marks energy losses that are most probably caused by protons.