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Table 1
Thermodynamic processes in an expanding Universe, along with the corresponding values of polytropic exponent, Γ, and specific heat, 
.
| Value of Γ | Value of |
Process in an expanding Universe |
|
|
||
| Γ → −∞ |
|
isochoric limit |
| Γ < 0 |
|
super-isobaric (see, e.g., Kamiuto 2008) |
| Γ = 0 |
|
isobaric – equivalent to ΛCDM model (cf. Eq. (64), below) |
| 0 < Γ < 1 |
|
sub-isobaric |
| Γ → 1− |
|
isothermal limit – p< 0 (cf. Eq. (45), below) |
| Γ → 1+ |
|
isothermal limit – p> 0 (cf. Eq. (45), below) |
| 1 < Γ <γ |
|
quasi-adiabatic |
| Γ = γ |
|
adiabatic |
| γ< Γ |
|
not physically-acceptable (cf. Eq. (13), below) |
| Γ → + ∞ |
|
not physically-acceptable (cf. Eq. (13), below) |
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