Redshift evolution of the average galactic mass for the FDF data, using LF and mass-to-light ratio data. As shown in the graph, the data points can be fitted by a mild power law. The determination coefficient for this fit is R² = 0.64, where R² is a statistical measure of how well the regression line approximates the real data points. It ranges from 0 to 1, and a value of R² = 1 indicates that the regression line perfectly fits the data.