Fig. 8

Energy conservation (left column), momentum (middle column) and wall-clock time (right column) as a function of system size N for the cold collapse test. The top row shows results for a homogenous sphere (fractal dimension fd = 3), while the bottom row shows a highly structured fractal (fd = 1.6). We evolve the initial conditions for 2 N-body time units, and plot the mean values across 5 runs. CC, CC_KEPLER and Ph4 use unsoftened gravity (ε = 0), while PH4_gpu and HIGPUS use very small softening (ε = 10-4).
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