Fig. 6

Final period ratio of GJ 163’s inner planets (3:1 MMR) as a function of the dissipation balance between both planets (Δt2/κΔt1, bottom x-axis) and initial amplitude of libration (M1). The coefficient κ = k2,1/k2,2(R1/R2)5 is unknown, but can be estimated using a mass-radius power law. The top x-axis (Δt2/ Δt1) is scaled using the value κ ≈ 2.2 obtained in Eq. (86). When M1 is set to 0°, the system begins at the libration center, whereas when M1 is set to 180° it starts at the separatrix. We fixed Δt1 = 107 s in order to speed up the simulations and integrated the system during 0.1 Myr which roughly corresponds to 10 Gyr for a realistic value of Δt1 (100 s). The horizontal gray lines correspond to both sets of initial conditions used in Fig. 4. The vertical white lines mark the range of Δt2/κΔt1 that may conduct to internal circulation according to our analytical model.
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