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Table 1

Parameter setup of the physical values used to initialize the simulations.

Parameter Code units Physical units

Gas density (ρ) 10 10-20 g cm-3
Flow velocitya (v0) 5 × 10-3 5 × 104 cm s-1
Speed of sound 1.19 × 10-2 1.19 × 105 cm s-1
Distance 1 1018 cm
Time 1 1011 s ≈ 3270 yr
Grain densityb(ρp) 3.3 × 1021 3.3 g cm-3
Grain size (amin − amax) (5−250) × 10-25 5 nm250 nm

Notes. Values are mentioned in code units and in a transformation to physical units.

(a)

Value of the flow velocity used in most simulations. In Sect. 4.1.2 the velocity ranges between 104 cm s-1 and 105 cm s-1.

(b)

The internal material density inside each dust grain.

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