Fig. 12

LVG for the H2CO emission in L1157. The H2CO 3(0, 3)–2(0, 2)/ 3(2, 2)–2(2, 1) observed ratios are 1.1 (solid), 2.0 (dashed), and 2.3 (dotted). Each panel shows the N(H2CO)/Δv parameter used for the LVG calculation. The grayscale with numbers indicates the line ratios calculated from the LVG model.
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