Fractional changes in σ_z(r) and σ_r(r) resulting from the migrated stars. The dashed black curve plots the quantity , where σ_z,all and are the vertical velocity dispersions obtained from the total population and the non-migrators, respectively. A similar expression estimates Δσ_r, shown by the solid orange curve. The dotted-red and solid-blue vertical lines denote the bar’s CR and OLR, corresponding to the final time shown in each time period. Note the inverse correlation between Δσ_z and Δσ_r, indicating coupling between the radial and vertical motions of stars.