Asymmetric kinematics and light distribution of the off-centered envelope around NGC 3311. Lower panel: the full black line shows the extracted surface brightness profile from the VLT/FORS1 V band image along PA = 32°, the red dashed line shows the Sersic profile (n = 10.5, R_e = 850′′) of the MSM described in Sect. 4.2, and the green dashed line shows the contribution from the off-centered outer envelope along this PA The arrow indicates the dwarf galaxy HCC 027. Middle and upper panels: LOS velocity dispersion (σ_LOS, triangles) and velocity measurements (V_LOS, asterisks) along PA = 29° from Richtler et al. (2011) (PA = 29° shown as R < 0).