Rms fluctuations of temperature vs. geometrical height in comparison to other measurements (left). Orange triangles: temperature fluctuations corresponding to observed rms LOS velocity (BE09). Purple solid line: propagated LOS velocity of Fe i at 396.6 nm converted to the corresponding temperature equivalent (BE09). Black dash-dotted: rms of the kinetic temperature in the 3D HD simulation of WE04 as read off from their Fig. 9. Blue dotted line: temperature difference of models C and A in VAL81. Turquoise dashed line: the same for FAL93. Red diamonds/blue crosses: temperature fluctuations corresponding to the intensity of Ca ii IR and Ca ii H, respectively. Right: temperature fluctuations corresponding to the intensity of Ca ii H (blue crosses) and rms of the kinetic temperature of WE04 divided by 5 (dash-dotted line).