Free Access

Fig. 4

thumbnail

Accretion efficiency in the weak and strong coupling regime. When the Bondi time tB = GMv3 is equal to the particle’s friction time tf, the drift accretion radius rd peaks and equals the Bondi radius rB. For a particle of fixed size, the ratio tB/tf on the horizontal axis increases as the core mass grows in time. When particles are strongly coupled to the gas (tB > tf), with respect to the gravitational attraction of the core, the drift radius decreases as (the analytical scaling of Eq. (27) is indicated with a full grey line). Near tB/tf ≈ 10-2 the drift radius rapidly decreases. The inset shows particle trajectories (grey curves) in this regime, which can be compared with those at tB/tf = 1 (black curves). Where the former are simply gravitationally deflected, in the latter case we see that particles inside the Bondi radius (marked by a red circle) are accreted by the central point source.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.