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Table 11

Dust shell properties determined by modelling JHKL colour indices with the DUSTY numerical code.

Colour Tdust (K) amax (μm) r1/rc τV AK ve
indices Average Limits Average Limits Average Limits (10-6M/yr) (km s-1)

J − H/H − K 1350 1200–1500 1.5 0.7–6.0a 3.2 2.2–4.2 1.3–6.5 0.14–0.72 1.6–6.9 27–39
J − H/H − L 1250 1000–1350 4.0 1.0–6.0a 3.4 2.4–4.3 1.8–6.3 0.20–0.69 2.2–9.7 23–33
J − K/K − L 1150 1000–1200 5.0 2.0–6.0a 4.3 3.0–5.5 1.8–6.0 0.20–0.66 3.0–10.6 19–25

Average 1250 ± 200b 3.5-2.5a,b 3.6 ± 1.5b 1.6–6.3 0.18–0.69 2.3–9.0 23–32

Notes. Tdust – dust temperature on the inner boundary of the dust shell (sublimation temperature); amax – maximum dust grain diameter; r1/rc – radius of the shell inner boundary (sublimation radius) r1 expressed in units of the stellar radius rc; τV – optical depth; AK – extinction at K;  – mass loss rate assuming radiatively driven winds; ve – terminal escape velocity of the stellar wind.

(a)

Upper value of the maximum grain size cannot be determined from the near-IR colours because the model is insensitive to an increase of the grain size above  ~6 μm.

(b)

Errors for dust sublimation temperature, dust sublimation radius, and maximum grain size are only estimates.

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