Interferometric fringes of the VEX signal in the spectral domain, 1024 frequency points, baseline Onsala-Zelenchukskaya, 2011 March 28, EVN project EM081, using the near-field delay model and two-way Doppler phase correction to avoid frequency smearing when correlating at the SFXC at JIVE. Top: amplitude in relative units; bottom: phase in radians. The horizontal axis – frequency in video band (MHz) relative to 8.411990 GHz. Most of the power of the spacecraft signal is concentrated within a  ~1 MHz-wide band around the carrier line, although the S/N for the carrier is considerably higher than for the rest of the band.