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Fig. 3

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Dynamical phase-space portraits for a planetesimal in protoplanetary disks of various masses, perturbed by a stellar companion at various inclinations showing Kozai resonance. The eccentricity vector is plotted in cartesian coordinates on each panel (x = ecosg,   y = esing). Regions of libration of argument of perihelion are shown as red curves, while blue curves depict circulation. The top panels represent a mass-less disk, middle panels correspond to a Mdisk = 1   MJup disk and the bottom panels show a Mdisk = 10   MJup disk. Note that the Kozai resonance disappears as the disk mass is increased.

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