Left panels show the distribution of galaxies (dots) in the sky. Circles mark the location of groups with at least 30 member galaxies, and the size of a circle is proportional to the size of a group in the sky. The middle panels show the fourth Minkowski functional V₃ vs. the mass fraction mf, and the right panels show the shapefinders K₁ (planarity) and K₂ (filamentarity) (the morphological signature). In the right panels filled circles mark the value of the mass fraction mf = 0.7; the mass fraction increases anti-clockwise along the curves. From top to bottom: the superclusters SCl 038, SCl 064, SCl 087, SCl 136, SCl 152, SCl 189, SCl 198, and SCl 223.