Hubble flow in the Fornax cluster reference frame for 109 galaxies with R_FC < 20 Mpc. The black solid polygon curve traces the running median on observational data with a window of 1 Mpc. The dotted and dashed curves correspond to a Hubble flow perturbed by masses of 1.30 × 10¹⁴   M_⊙ and 3.93 × 10¹⁴   M_⊙, respectively, as the limiting cases within the confidence range. Only the galaxies with λ < 45° or λ > 135° are presented. Top: the case of almost pure Hubble flow (“minor attractor” approach). Blue curves trace the running medians on simulated data with a window of 1 Mpc and the corresponding 90% error band. Bottom: the case of almost pure infall towards the Fornax cluster (“major attractor” approach). Colored curves trace the running medians on simulated data with different window values.