Table 1
Isolated formation of the solar system giant planets’ cores for a disk with surface densities of solids and gas ∝ a-2.
| Jupiter | Saturn | Neptune | Uranus | |||||
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| [m] | [M⊕] | [Myr] | [M⊕] | [Myr] | [M⊕] | [Myr] | [M⊕] | [Myr] |
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| 10 | – | – | 19.13 | 6.96 | 22.02 | 2.90 | 18.75 | 6.01 |
| (14.62) | (2.31) | (12.59) | (4.98) | |||||
| 12.5 | – | – | 19.22 | 5.15 | 21.07 | 3.04 | 13.10 | 13.88 |
| (14.57) | (2.43) | (11.24) | (12.39) | |||||
| 15 | – | – | 19.65 | 3.91 | 19.26 | 3.85 | – | – |
| (14.27) | (3.17) | |||||||
| 20 | – | – | 20.90 | 2.83 | 14.48 | 8.69 | – | – |
| (12.78) | (7.82) | |||||||
| 25 | 12.54 | 14.98 | 20.92 | 2.78 | – | – | – | – |
| 40 | 16.89 | 6.09 | 16.30 | 5.73 | – | – | – | – |
| 50 | 18.34 | 4.38 | 12.87 | 10.43 | – | – | – | – |
| 75 | 18.80 | 3.91 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 100 | 17.59 | 4.79 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 150 | 15.22 | 7.06 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 200 | 13.61 | 9.43 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Notes. Here stands for the minimum radius of the size distribution of planetesimals. represents the time at which the mass of the envelope of the planet achieves the core’s mass of the planet and gaseous runaway starts. is the mass of the core at the cross-over time. Quantities between brackets for Neptune and Uranus correspond to the time and the respective core mass at which Neptune and Uranus achieve its current masses (~17 and ~14.5 Earth masses, respectively). When the cross-over time exceeds ~10 Myr, no values are given.
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