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Fig. 15

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Contour plot of the normalized distribution function f(v,α) / fi(v) of accelerated upstream electrons as a function of energy (in logarithmic scale) and pitch angle α for (left) a wavy shock with θB = 85° and (right) a smoothed shock wave with θBn = θB. (Plots in Fig. 11a could be constructed from values of the horizontal cut at energy of 3 keV.)

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