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Very Massive Stars and High N/O: A Tale of the Nitrogen-enriched Super Star Cluster in the Sunburst Arc
Yanlong Shi, Liang Dai, Norman Murray, Claire S. Ye, Christopher D. Matzner and Massimo Pascale The Astrophysical Journal 997(2) 309 (2026) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae3150
Signatures of very massive stars in the epoch of reionization
Discovery of new N-emitters over a wide redshift range
I. Morel, D. Schaerer, R. Marques-Chaves, N. Prantzos, C. Charbonnel, G. Brammer, M. Xiao and M. Dessauges-Zavadsky Astronomy & Astrophysics 710 A321 (2026) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558256
The In Situ Growth of Stellar-mass “Light” Seed Black Holes in Nuclear Star Clusters
A Fleeting GLIMPSE of N/O Enrichment at Cosmic Dawn: Evidence for Wolf Rayet N Stars in a z = 6.1 Galaxy
Danielle A. Berg, Rohan P. Naidu, John Chisholm, Hakim Atek, Seiji Fujimoto, Vasily Kokorev, Lukas J. Furtak, Chiaki Kobayashi, Daniel Schaerer, Angela Adamo, Qinyue Fei, Damien Korber, Jorryt Matthee, Rui Marques-Chaves, Zorayda Martinez, Kristen. B. W. McQuinn, Julian B. Muñoz, Pascal A. Oesch, Alberto Saldana-Lopez, Daniel P. Stark, Mabel G. Stephenson and Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao The Astrophysical Journal 1003(2) 112 (2026) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae5e4c
Tracing nitrogen enrichment across cosmic time with JWST
E. Cataldi, F. Belfiore, M. Curti, B. Moreschini, A. Marconi, R. Maiolino, A. Feltre, M. Ginolfi, F. Mannucci, G. Cresci, X. Ji, A. Amiri, M. Arnaboldi, E. Bertola, C. Bracci, M. Ceci, A. Chakraborty, F. Cullen, Q. D’Amato, C. Kobayashi, I. Lamperti, C. Marconcini, M. Scialpi, L. Ulivi and M. V. Zanchettin Astronomy & Astrophysics 709 A199 (2026) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558415
The pollution from massive AGB stars favoured by strong hot bottom burning
The thesan-zoom project: mystery N/O more – uncovering the origin of peculiar chemical abundances and a not-so-fundamental metallicity relation at 3 < z < 12
William McClymont, Sandro Tacchella, Aaron Smith, Rahul Kannan, Enrico Garaldi, Ewald Puchwein, Yuki Isobe, Xihan Ji, Xuejian Shen, Zihao Wang, Vasily Belokurov, Josh Borrow, Francesco D’Eugenio, Laura Keating, Roberto Maiolino, Stephanie Monty, Mark Vogelsberger and Oliver Zier Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 548(1) (2026) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag016
When Stars Mimic Monsters: Spectral Evidence for an η Carinae−like Giant Eruption in SBS 0335−052 E
Zixuan 子 轩 Peng 彭, Crystal L. Martin, Jiamu 嘉 沐 Huang 黄, Nikolaus Z. Prusinski, Chenliang 辰 亮 Huang 黄, Zhuyun Zhuang, Yuan 远 Li 李, Tin Long Sunny Wong, Jiayang Yang and Joseph F. Hennawi The Astrophysical Journal 1001(2) 218 (2026) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae589b
Globular cluster formation from inertial inflows: accreting extremely massive stars as the origin of abundance anomalies
Mark Gieles, Paolo Padoan, Corinne Charbonnel, Jorick S Vink and Laura Ramírez-Galeano Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 544(1) 483 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1314
Dating N-loud AGNs at high redshift
F. D’Antona, P. Ventura, A. F. Marino, A. P. Milone, E. Vesperini, F. Calura, M. Tailo, R. Valiante, V. Caloi, A. D’Ercole and F. Dell’Agli Astronomy & Astrophysics 700 A265 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554957
A new mass estimate method with hydrodynamical atmospheres for very massive WNh stars
Gautham N. Sabhahit, Jorick S. Vink, Andreas A. C. Sander, Matheus Bernini-Peron, Paul A. Crowther, Roel R. Lefever and Tomer Shenar Astronomy & Astrophysics 696 A200 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453447
The JWST EXCELS survey: an extremely metal-poor galaxy at z = 8.271 hosting an unusual population of massive stars
F Cullen, A C Carnall, D Scholte, D J McLeod, R J McLure, K Z Arellano-Córdova, T M Stanton, C T Donnan, J S Dunlop, A E Shapley, L Barrufet, R Begley, C Bondestam, M Cirasuolo, H-H Leung, C L Pollock and S Stevenson Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 540(3) 2176 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf838
JADES: nitrogen enhancement in high-redshift broad-line active galactic nuclei
Yuki Isobe, Roberto Maiolino, Francesco D’Eugenio, Mirko Curti, Xihan Ji, Ignas Juodžbalis, Jan Scholtz, Anne Feltre, Stéphane Charlot, Hannah Übler, Andrew J. Bunker, Stefano Carniani, Emma Curtis-Lake, Zhiyuan Ji, Nimisha Kumari, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Brant Robertson, Chris Willott and Joris Witstok Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 541(1) L71 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slaf056
Very massive stars at low metallicity: Evolution, synthetic spectroscopy, and impact on the integrated light of starbursts
The JWST EXCELS survey: direct estimates of C, N, and O abundances in two relatively metal-rich galaxies at z ≃ 5
K Z Arellano-Córdova, F Cullen, A C Carnall, D Scholte, T M Stanton, C Kobayashi, Z Martinez, D A Berg, L Barrufet, R Begley, C T Donnan, J S Dunlop, M L Hamadouche, D J McLeod, R J McLure, K Rowlands and A E Shapley Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 540(4) 2991 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf855
The impact of wind mass loss on nucleosynthesis and yields of very massive stars at low metallicity
Characterizing the z ≈ 7.66 Type-II AGN candidate SMACS S06355 using BEAGLE-AGN and JWST NIRSpec/NIRCam
M S Silcock, E Curtis-Lake, D J B Smith, I E B Wallace, A Vidal-García, A Plat, M Hirschmann, A Feltre, J Chevallard, S Charlot, S Carniani and A J Bunker Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 541(4) 3822 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1087
Rotating supermassive Pop III stars on the main sequence
Devesh Nandal, Gaël Buldgen, Daniel J. Whalen, John Regan, Tyrone E. Woods and Jonathan C. Tan Astronomy & Astrophysics 701 A262 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555878
RIOJA. JWST and ALMA Unveil the Inhomogeneous and Complex Interstellar Medium Structure in a Star-forming Galaxy at z = 6.81
Mitsutaka Usui, Ken Mawatari, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Takuya Hashimoto, Yuma Sugahara, Rui Marques-Chaves, Akio K. Inoue, Luis Colina, Santiago Arribas, Carmen Blanco-Prieto, Yurina Nakazato, Naoki Yoshida, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Daniel Ceverino, Luca Costantin, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Masato Hagimoto, Hiroshi Matsuo, Wataru Osone, Yi W. Ren, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Takeshi Hashigaya, Miguel Pereira-Santaella and Yoichi Tamura The Astrophysical Journal Letters 991(2) L38 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae0574
New ionization models and the shocking nitrogen excess at z > 5
Sophia R Flury, Karla Z Arellano-Córdova, Edward C Moran and Alaina Einsig Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 543(4) 3367 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1615
CLASSY XII: nitrogen enrichment shaped by gas density and feedback
K Z Arellano-Córdova, D A Berg, M Mingozzi, B L James, F Vincenzo, N S J Rogers, E D Skillman, R O Amorín, F Cullen, S R Flury, V Abril-Melgarejo, J Chisholm, T Heckman, M J Hayes, S Hernandez, N Kumari, C Kobayashi, C Leitherer, C L Martin, Z Martinez, T Nanayakkara, K S Parker, P Senchyna, C Scarlata, M G Stephenson, et al. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 544(2) 1588 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1723
Impact of stellar winds on the pair-instability supernova rate
Filippo Simonato, Stefano Torniamenti, Michela Mapelli, Giuliano Iorio, Lumen Boco, Franca De Domenico-Langer and Cecilia Sgalletta Astronomy & Astrophysics 703 A215 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555490
Emission-line Diagnostics at z > 4: [O iii]λ4364/Hγ versus [Ne iii]λ3870/[O ii]λ3730
Bren E. Backhaus, Nikko J. Cleri, Jonathan R. Trump, Allison Kirkpatrick, Raymond C. Simons, Ricardo O. Amorín, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Micaela B. Bagley, Madisyn Brooks, Antonello Calabrò, Kelcey Davis, Mark Dickinson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Michaela Hirschmann, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Mario Llerena, Fabio Pacucci, Nor Pirzkal, Casey Papovich and Stephen M. Wilkins The Astrophysical Journal 994(1) 125 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae1136
Chemical separation of stellar populations: analytic solutions for chemical evolution models with metallicity-dependent yields
Connecting JWST discovered N/O-enhanced galaxies to globular clusters: evidence from chemical imprints
Xihan Ji, Vasily Belokurov, Roberto Maiolino, Stephanie Monty, Yuki Isobe, Andrey Kravtsov, William McClymont and Hannah Übler Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 545(3) (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf2110
JADES: carbon-enhanced, nitrogen-normal compact galaxy at z = 11.2
J Scholtz, M S Silcock, E Curtis-Lake, R Maiolino, S Carniani, F D’Eugenio, X Ji, P Jakobsen, K Hainline, S Arribas, W M Baker, R Bhatawdekar, A J Bunker, S Charlot, J Chevallard, M Curti, Daniel J Eisenstein, Y Isobe, G C Jones, E Parlanti, P G Pérez-González, P Rinaldi, B Robertson, S Tacchella, H Übler, et al. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 545(3) (2025) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf2107
The Sunburst Arc with JWST. III. An Abundance of Direct Chemical Abundances
Brian Welch, T. Emil Rivera-Thorsen, Jane R. Rigby, Taylor A. Hutchison, Grace M. Olivier, Danielle A. Berg, Keren Sharon, Håkon Dahle, M. Riley Owens, Matthew B. Bayliss, Gourav Khullar, John Chisholm, Matthew Hayes and Keunho J. Kim The Astrophysical Journal 980(1) 33 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada76c
Deep Rest-UV JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy of Early Galaxies: The Demographics of C iv and N-emitters in the Reionization Era
Michael W. Topping, Daniel P. Stark, Peter Senchyna, Zuyi Chen, Adi Zitrin, Ryan Endsley, Stéphane Charlot, Lukas J. Furtak, Michael V. Maseda, Adele Plat, Renske Smit, Ramesh Mainali, Jacopo Chevallard, Stephen Molyneux and Jane R. Rigby The Astrophysical Journal 980(2) 225 (2025) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada95c
ASTRAEUS
Anne Hutter, Elie R. Cueto, Pratika Dayal, Stefan Gottlöber, Maxime Trebitsch and Gustavo Yepes Astronomy & Astrophysics 694 A254 (2025) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452460
Discovery of a new N-emitter in the epoch of reionization
GA-NIFS: an extremely nitrogen-loud and chemically stratified galaxy at z ~ 5.55
Xihan Ji, Hannah Übler, Roberto Maiolino, Francesco D’Eugenio, Santiago Arribas, Andrew J Bunker, Stéphane Charlot, Michele Perna, Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino, Torsten Böker, Giovanni Cresci, Mirko Curti, Nimisha Kumari and Isabella Lamperti Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 535(1) 881 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2375
A Young Super Star Cluster Powering a Nebula of Retained Massive Star Ejecta
Comparing emission- and absorption-based gas-phase metallicities in GRB host galaxies at z = 2−4 using JWST
P Schady, R M Yates, L Christensen, A De Cia, A Rossi, V D’Elia, K E Heintz, P Jakobsson, T Laskar, A Levan, R Salvaterra, R L C Starling, N R Tanvir, C C Thöne, S Vergani, K Wiersema, M Arabsalmani, H -W Chen, M De Pasquale, A Fruchter, J P U Fynbo, R García-Benito, B Gompertz, D Hartmann, C Kouveliotou, et al. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529(3) 2807 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae677
The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: V. Models at low metallicity
Z Keszthelyi, J Puls, G Chiaki, H Nagakura, A ud-Doula, T Takiwaki and N Tominaga Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 533(3) 3457 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1855
Which Came First: Supermassive Black Holes or Galaxies? Insights from JWST
Joseph Silk, Mitchell C. Begelman, Colin Norman, Adi Nusser and Rosemary F. G. Wyse The Astrophysical Journal Letters 961(2) L39 (2024) https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1bf0
He-enriched STAREVOL models for globular cluster multiple populations
G. Costa, T. Dumont, A. Lançon, A. Palacios, C. Charbonnel, P. Prugniel, S. Ekstrom, C. Georgy, V. Branco, P. Coelho, L. Martins, S. Borisov, K. Voggel and W. Chantereau Astronomy & Astrophysics 690 A22 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449741
The Sunburst Arc with JWST
T. Emil Rivera-Thorsen, J. Chisholm, B. Welch, J. R. Rigby, T. Hutchison, M. Florian, K. Sharon, S. Choe, H. Dahle, M. B. Bayliss, G. Khullar, M. Gladders, M. Hayes, A. Adamo, M. R. Owens and K. Kim Astronomy & Astrophysics 690 A269 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450359
Evidence for very massive stars in extremely UV-bright star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 2.2–3.6
A. Upadhyaya, R. Marques-Chaves, D. Schaerer, F. Martins, I. Pérez-Fournon, A. Palacios and E. R. Stanway Astronomy & Astrophysics 686 A185 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202449184
Intense Star Cluster Formation: Stellar Masses, the Mass Function, and the Fundamental Mass Scale
JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy of the Remarkable Bright Galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 at Redshift 12.34
Marco Castellano, Lorenzo Napolitano, Adriano Fontana, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Eros Vanzella, Jorge A. Zavala, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Antonello Calabrò, Mario Llerena, Sara Mascia, Emiliano Merlin, Diego Paris, Laura Pentericci, Paola Santini, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Pietro Bergamini, Guido Cupani, Mark Dickinson, Alexei V. Filippenko, Karl Glazebrook, Claudio Grillo, Patrick L. Kelly, Matthew A. Malkan, Charlotte A. Mason, et al. The Astrophysical Journal 972(2) 143 (2024) https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5f88
Fast-rotating massive Population III stars as possible sources of extreme N enrichment in high-redshift galaxies
GN-z11: Witnessing the formation of second-generation stars and an accreting massive black hole in a massive star cluster
F. D’Antona, E. Vesperini, F. Calura, P. Ventura, A. D’Ercole, V. Caloi, A. F. Marino, A. P. Milone, F. Dell’Agli and M. Tailo Astronomy & Astrophysics 680 L19 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348240