... bursts[*]
Figures 6 to 55 are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... energy[*]
In our previous work p was called $\beta_{p}$, referring to the proton spectrum, for which radiative losses are negligible.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... CB[*]
The kinetic energy of a CB is mainly lost to the ISM protons it scatters; only a fraction $\leq$ me/mp is re-emitted by electrons, as the AG.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... catching-up[*]
For $\theta\gamma>1$, the observer sees the back of the CB as it is coming forth towards her: $\rm\cos\theta_{_{CB}}<1$. The CB would actually hit or pass by the observer before its back is unveiled, were it not for the fact that its motion is decelerated.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... deduced[*]
GRB 970508 has a peculiar AG, whose CB-model interpretation requires an ISM density change at $t\sim 1.2$ observer's days (DDD 2001).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... estimate[*]
We can solve Eq. (11) exactly for a given source spectrum by the Mellin transform methods so familiar in Quantum Chromodynamics, but this would be unjustified: the acceleration mechanism is not understood well enough for the study of exact cooling solutions to be currently justifiable.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... posit[*]
The rapid onset of the radio signals from SNe is not understood, see e.g. Weiler et al. (2001). Perhaps electron cumulation also plays a role there.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... bands[*]
The domain extending from the optical to the X-ray regime - but for the early injection bend discussed in Sect. 4 - is compatible with the expected behaviour $\nu^{-p/2}\sim\nu^{-1.1}$ (DDD 2001).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... days[*]
The earlier optical data are discussed in DDD 2001.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... SN1998bw[*]
SN1998bw was classified initially as Type Ib (Sadler et al. 1998), then Type Ic (Patat & Piemonte 1998), then peculiar Type Ic (Kay et al. 1998), then, at an age of 300 to 400 days, again as Type Ib (Patat et al. 1998).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... magnitude[*]
The reduction of thermal free-electron surface-density discussed in Sects. 6.2 and 6.3 is logically independent from the modifications discussed here (such as a decrease in radius) which have to do with the fluence produced by the small fraction of energetic radiating electrons.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
... observer[*]
This serious limitation (DDD 2001) is beginning to be remedied in the firecone literature, in which the CB-model's geometry is being - though with no reference - ``standardized'' and its consequences (Dar & De Rújula 2000a) explained again; see, e.g. Rossi et al. (2002), Zhang & Meszaros (2001), Salmonson & Galama (2002), Granot et al. (2002), Panaitescu & Kumar (2002).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
...$\chi^2$values[*]
A ``$\chi$-by-eye'' of the figures reporting here the optical AG light curves should suffice to prove this statement.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Copyright ESO 2003