Planetary Nebulae (PNe) are bright emission line objects, observable throughout the Galaxy. They are excellent probes of abundance gradients, the chemical enrichment history of the interstellar medium, the effects of metallicity on stellar evolution, and kinematics.
Most small PNe (90
)
within 10
of the galactic center
are physically close to it (Pottasch & Acker 1989). Since they can
be assumed to be at the same known distance of
7.8 kpc, their
distance-dependent parameters, such as luminosity and size, can be
determined. These parameters are needed to define the underlying
population. The chemical composition and the central star parameters
are computed via self-consistent photo-ionization modelling of the
nebula. Because luminosity correlates with the central star mass,
which correlates with the progenitor mass, which, in turn, correlates
with stellar age, the relationship between age and composition can be
deduced (Dopita et al. 1997; Walsh et al. 2000). The chemical enrichment history of the Bulge
could be tracked using PNe.
We surveyed a
degree field centered on the galactic center in
[S III]
9532 and a continuum band at KPNO with the
60-cm Schmidt telescope and a
pixels thick STIS CCD in
July 1994 and June 1995. The field of view was
and the pixel size 2
.
This survey has
uncovered 95 new PN candidates in addition to the 34 previously known
in this region (Acker et al. 1992; Kohoutek 1994). 45 PNe were
confirmed via optical spectroscopy with the 1.52-m ESO telescope and
the Boller & Chivens spectrograph, while 19 fainter ones were
confirmed at the CTIO 4-m with the RC spectrograph (Van de Steene &
Jacoby 2001, in preparation).
Accurate radio flux densities and angular diameters are crucial to obtain a
good photo-ionization model of the PNe (van Hoof & Van de Steene
1999). The very high extinction causes the H
line to be faint
or even undetected in the optical spectra. Hence the radio flux density is
needed to determine the extinction and the total ionizing flux.
In this article we present the radio continuum observations of 64 PNe confirmed spectroscopically with the ESO 1.52-m and CTIO 4-m telescopes. We describe the observations in Sect. 2 and the data reduction in Sect. 3. The results are presented in Sect. 4. The improved method for determining the distances, based on a relationship between radii and radio surface brightness (Van de Steene & Zijlstra 1995) is used in Sect. 5 to determine the distances of the PNe and discuss their distribution in the galactic bulge. In Sect. 6 we determine the extinction values of these new bulge PNe.
Copyright ESO 2001