Table 4: Maximum difference between DE405 and INPOP06 in range (r), latitude ($\phi $) and longitude ($\lambda $). (x,y,z) are the heliocentric (geocentric for the Moon) coordinates of the planet in the equatorial reference frame of the ICRF, and $r=\sqrt {(x2+y2+z2)}$, $\phi = \arcsin (z/r)$ and $\lambda = \arctan(y/x)$. EMB is the Earth-Moon Barycenter. For the librations of the Moon, $\phi $, $\theta $ and $\psi $are the usual Euler's angles (see Newhall et al., section II.D). Comparisons are made over the whole time interval of DE405 (-400 yr to 200 yr with origin at J2000); Col. 1: from -30 yr to +30 yr; Col. 2: from -100 yr to +100 yr; Col. 3: from -400 yr to 200 yr.
Heliocentric range r (m)
Mercury 500 1000 2800
Venus 51 63 84
EMB 19 31 67
Mars 102 360 5000
Jupiter 19 000 31 000 94 000
Saturn 290 000 290 000 350 000
Uranus 890 000 1 000 000 1500 000
Neptune 2 600 000 3200 000 3300 000
Pluto 9 100 000 35 000 000 68 000 000
Moon (geocentric) 0.007 0.08 1.8
Longitude $\lambda $ ($\mu $as)
Mercury 11 000 21 000 53 000
Venus 1600 2200 2200
EMB 1600 2100 3200
Mars 1500 5400 63 000
Jupiter 46 000 140 000 530 000
Saturn 130 000 180 000 440 000
Uranus 240 000 350 000 1 200 000
Neptune 160 000 650 000 1 200 000
Pluto 240 000 1 500 000 12 000 000
Moon (geocentric) 1700 2700 28 000
Latitude $\phi $ ($\mu $as)
Mercury 4200 6700 22 000
Venus 690 890 900
EMB 1800 1800 1800
Mars 1 700 3 200 25 000
Jupiter 21 000 55 000 210 000
Saturn 73 000 86 000 170 000
Uranus 150 000 240 000 400 000
Neptune 84 000 160 000 470 000
Pluto 110 000 670 000 4 900 000
Moon (geocentric) 1800 1900 12 000
Lunar librations ($\mu $as)
$\phi $ 7700 7900 7900
$\theta $ 3900 3900 3900
$\psi $ 6800 6800 26 000


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