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	Fig. 4 Colour image created from DES, g,r,i images showing the location of the two target stars.
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Fig. 5 Updated version of Fig. 7 of de Jong et al. (2010). The radial velocity (lower panel), distance (middle panel), and sky position (upper panel) of Crater (shown as a star) compared to those of Leo IV (empty dot) and Leo V (filled dot). The lines are the orbits for Leo IV and Leo V, computed by de Jong et al. (2010), assuming common energy and angular momentum for the two galaxies, using Leo IV and Leo V (dotted line) as initial conditions, or their mean properties (dashed line), respectively.

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Appendix A: Lower limit to the radial velocity dispersion

The difference of two normal random variables with means μ₁,μ₂), and standard deviations σ₁,σ₂ follows a normal distribution, with and mean μ₁−μ₂. Assuming that the velocity distribution is normal and ignoring the measurement errors, the velocity difference between two stars is expected to be normally distributed with a mean of 0 km s^-1 and a standard deviation of , where σ_v is the standard deviation of the original distribution. Using the table on p. 253 of Bevington & Robinson (1992), which provides the integral of a Gaussian distribution, we derive that the integral between −1.96 ≤ z ≤ + 1.96 is 0.95, where and μ is the mean. In our case, x = 10.2km s^-1, μ = 0 km s^-1 and ; this implies that z = 1.96 corresponds σ_v = 3.7km s^-1. In other words, there is a 95% probability that the parent velocity distribution has a σ> 3.7km s^-1. If we take into account the errors, no conclusion can be reached because the measured radial velocities of the two stars are also consistent with a zero radial velocity dispersion.

Appendix B: Lower limit to the dynamical mass of Crater

To derive a lower limit, we assumed that Crater and the globular cluster 47 Tuc are in dynamical equilibrium and that the virial theorem applies. For this system, the mass, M, can be expressed in terms of its velocity dispersion, σ, and exponential radius, r_h (see e.g. Spitzer 1987) : (B.1)where G is the gravitational constant. We thus may write (B.2)Because we only have a lower limit for σ_Crater, this becomes (B.3)We assumed for Crater σ_Crater> 3.7km s^-1, r_hCrater = 0.47′ (Laevens et al. 2014) or r_hCrater = 0.6′ (Belokurov et al. 2014) and a distance of 145 kpc (Laevens et al. 2014). For 47 Tuc we assumed σ_{47 Tuc} = 7km s^-1 a median value from Kučinskas et al. (2014), r_{h47 Tuc} = 174′′ (Trager et al. 1993), and a distance of 4.5 kpc (Harris 2010).

With these values, we obtain for the radius measured by Laevens et al. (2014) and for the radius measured by Belokurov et al. (2014). Either way, it is clear that Crater is more massive (dynamically) than 47 Tuc. Even disregarding the velocity dispersions, it might have been suspected that this is the case because the radius of Crater is larger than that of 47 Tuc. Of course, if Crater is not in dynamical equlibrium, this reasoning does not hold.

© ESO, 2015