Table 2: Maximum difference between DE405 and INPOP05 (with the same initial conditions) in range (r), latitude ($\phi $) and longitude ($\lambda $). If (x,y,z) are the heliocentric (geocentric for the Moon) coordinates of the planet in the equatorial reference frame of the ICRF, then $r=\sqrt {(x^2+y^2+z^2)}$, $\phi = \arcsin (z/r)$ and $\lambda = \arctan(y/x)$. EMB is the Earth-Moon Barycenter. For the librations of the Moon, $\phi $, $\theta $ and $\psi $ are the usual Euler's angles (see Newhall et al. 1983, Sect. II.D). Comparisons are made over the whole time interval of DE405 (-400 yr to 200 yr with origin at J2000); Col. 1: from -30 yr to +30 yr; Col. 2: from -100 yr to +100 yr; Col. 3: from -400 yr to 200 yr.
Heliocentric range r (m)
Mercury 6.2 26 228
Venus 0.5 2.1 18
EMB 1.6 7.7 60
Mars 58 517 3365
Jupiter 31 108 467
Saturn 20 36 121
Uranus 38 45 69
Neptune 35 77 80
Pluto 31 119 283
Moon (geocentric) 0.009 0.034 0.540
Longitude $\lambda $ ($\mu $as)
Mercury 174 749 6637
Venus 78 534 6270
EMB 32 286 2494
Mars 354 6600 42070
Jupiter 57 276 1012
Saturn 16 51 201
Uranus 4 14 41
Neptune 0.7 14 39
Pluto 0.9 7 44
Moon (geocentric) 60 170 6173
Latitude $\phi $ ($\mu $as)
Mercury 65 268 2373
Venus 30 207 2262
EMB 13 113 979
Mars 152 2602 16970
Jupiter 23 102 383
Saturn 5 17 67
Uranus 0.6 5 15
Neptune 0.2 5 14
Pluto 0.4 3 19
Moon (geocentric) 25 73 2478
Lunar librations ($\mu $as)
$\phi $ 900 900 1000
$\theta $ 400 400 400
$\psi $ 800 800 5800


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