A&A 471, 625-643 (2007)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20077838
C. Trundle1 - P. L. Dufton1 - I. Hunter1,2 - C. J. Evans3 - D. J. Lennon2 - S. J. Smartt1 - R. S. I. Ryans1
1 - Astronomy Research Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy,
School of Mathematics & Physics, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast,
Northern Ireland, UK
2 - The Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, 38700,
Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
3 - UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK
Received 10 May 2007 / Accepted 6 June 2007
Abstract
We present an analysis of high resolution VLT-FLAMES spectra of 61 B-type stars with relatively narrow-lined spectra located in 4 fields
centered on the Milky Way clusters; NGC 3293 and NGC 4755 and the Large and
Small Magellanic cloud clusters; NGC 2004 and NGC 330. For each object a
quantitative analysis was carried out using the non-LTE model atmosphere code
TLUSTY; resulting in the determination of their atmospheric parameters and
photospheric abundances of the dominant metal species (C, N, O, Mg, Si, Fe).
The results are discussed in relation to our earlier work on 3 younger
clusters in these galaxies; NGC 6611, N11 and NGC 346 paying particular
attention to the nitrogen abundances which are an important probe of the role
of rotation in the evolution of stars. This work along with that of the
younger clusters provides a consistent dataset of abundances and atmospheric
parameters for over 100 B-type stars in the three galaxies. We provide
effective temperature scales for B-type dwarfs in all three galaxies and for
giants and supergiants in the SMC and LMC. In each galaxy a dependence on
luminosity is found between the three classes with the unevolved dwarf
objects having significantly higher effective temperatures. A metallicity
dependence is present between the SMC and Galactic dwarf objects, and whilst
the LMC stars are only slightly cooler than the SMC stars, they are
significantly hotter than their Galactic counterparts.
Key words: stars: atmospheres - stars: early-type - galaxies: abundances - stars: fundamental parameters - stars: evolution
Rotation was introduced as a crucial dynamical process in understanding the evolution of massive stars due to a number of discrepancies found between stellar evolution models and observations (Meynet & Maeder 1997). Amongst these were the discovery of surface enrichments of helium and nitrogen in OBA-type supergiants (Walborn 1972; Venn 1999; Dufton 1972; Jaschek & Jaschek 1967) and helium excesses in fast rotating O-type stars (Herrero et al. 1992), which provided observational evidence that additional mixing mechanisms were required in the models. Important breakthroughs by Zahn (1992) on the theory of the transport mechanisms caused by rotation, and subsequent work in that area has allowed for the introduction of rotation in the stellar evolution models (Heger & Langer 2000; Meynet & Maeder 2000). Additionally metallicity may play an important role in the evolution of rotational velocities in massive stars through the more compact structures and lower mass-loss rates predicted at low metallicities (Maeder & Meynet 2001). Yet discrepancies still remain as previous studies show significant surface enrichments which require more efficient rotational mixing at earlier stages of evolution than the models predict (Lennon et al. 2006).
In recent years there has been a strong motivation in observational astronomy to
study the correlation of rotational velocities of OB-type stars and their
surface composition together with understanding the roles of metallicity and the
density of the stellar environment. Keller (2004) presented the first
extragalactic study of the distribution of rotational velocities of B-type
main-sequence stars. They showed that young cluster objects rotate more rapidly
than field objects, whilst LMC objects rotate faster than their Galactic
counterparts, highlighting the existence of a metallicity dependence. Confirming
the report by Keller, Strom et al. (2005) found that BA-type stars close
to the ZAMS in the h and Persei clusters had projected rotational
velocities twice that of a similar aged field population. Martayan et al. (2006)
investigated the projected rotational velocity distribution of both B-type and
Be stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud cluster, NGC 2004, with the result that
the latter population are rotating faster in their initial ascent along the
main-sequence. Subsequently Wolff et al. (2007) have studied the role of the initial
density conditions of the star-forming regions on the rotational velocity
distributions in seven galactic clusters. They found that stars formed in low
density regions have a higher number of slow rotators in comparison to those
formed in high density clusters.
Telescope/Instrument | ![]() |
S/N | R |
VLT/FLAMES | 3850-4755, 6380-6620 (6) | 100-150 | 20 000-30 000 |
VLT/UVES1 | 3750-5000, 5900-7700, 7750-9600 (3) | 40 | 20 000 |
ESO2.2 m/FEROS | 3600-9300 (1) | >100 | 48 000 |
To study the roles of rotation, mass-loss and metallicity on the evolution of massive stars, we have undertaken a high resolution spectroscopic survey of approximately 750 OB stars towards seven young clusters in the Galaxy, LMC and SMC (the VLT-FLAMES Survey of Massive Stars). The Galactic and Magellanic Cloud samples have been discussed in Evans et al. (2006,2005) respectively. The O stars in the sample were analysed by Mokiem et al. (2006,2007), who derive their atmospheric & wind parameters, helium abundances and rotational velocities. Helium enrichments were found to be present at the surface of many of these stars, implying significant rotational mixing. However the models considered by Mokiem et al. still underpredicted the degree of helium enrichment observed. They also found that the more evolved objects rotated slower than the unevolved stars and that within the population of unevolved stars there was an excess of fast rotators in the SMC compared to Galactic objects.
Analysis of the much larger sample of B-type stars is currently underway; Dufton et al. (2006b) have derived the rotational velocities of all the Galactic stars. They confirmed the result of Strom et al. that the cluster objects rotate faster than their field counterparts and confirm predictions that the higher-mass stars with strong stellar winds have lower rotational velocities due to the loss of surface angular momentum. To understand the efficiency of rotation in mixing chemically processed material from the interior of a star to the photospheric layers, it is important to study the surface chemical composition of these objects in conjunction with their rotational velocity distribution. Hunter et al. (2007, hereafter Paper IV) have derived the atmospheric parameters and surface composition of 50 narrow lined B-type stars in the youngest of our target clusters (NGC 6611, N11, NGC 346). In this paper we extend that analysis to the older clusters in the survey studying 61 narrow lined stars in NGC 3293, NGC 4755, NGC 2004 & NGC 330. As these stars have low projected rotational velocities, a detailed atmospheric analysis can provide highly accurate atmospheric parameters and surface composition, thus providing the baseline metallicities of these seven regions and an insight into the evolution of nitrogen as a function of environment. Additionally we will provide effective temperature scales as a function of spectral type, luminosity and metallicity for these narrow lined objects which can be applied to the fast rotators, in which the blending of the lines makes it impossible to determine effective temperatures directly from the spectra. These effective temperature scales will have important applications in many areas of astrophysics such as for comparison with stellar evolution models, determining cluster properties and understanding the properties of ionising stars.
The spectroscopic data analysed in this paper are from an ESO large programme using the Fibre Large Array Multi-Element Spectrograph (FLAMES) on the VLT, primarily with the Giraffe spectrograph, but also using the fibre-feed to UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph). In addition spectra from the Fibre-Fed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS) and UVES (without FLAMES feed) were obtained for a number of targets in the Galactic clusters. The former had been omitted from the FLAMES setups as they were too bright, whilst the UVES data had been obtained prior to the large survey. As explained in Sect. 2.1, we have enforced certain criteria to select the dataset for this analysis which left only one suitable UVES target. The properties of the datasets are summarised in Table 1, while the target selection, data reduction and observational details of all the observations have been discussed in Evans et al. (2005, hereafter Paper I) and Evans et al. (2006, hereafter Paper II). Their target identifications will be used throughout this paper. Whilst the survey covers seven clusters in three distinct metallicity regimes; Galactic (NGC 6611, NGC 4755, NGC 3293), LMC (N11, NGC 2004) and SMC (NGC 346, NGC 330), this paper will concentrate on the narrow lined stars (i.e. those with small projected rotational velocities) in the older clusters NGC 4755, NGC 3293, NGC 2004, and NGC 330.
Our selection of objects follows closely the criteria set out in Paper IV. The main objective was to select the highest quality spectra suitable for a reliable model atmosphere analysis. Fast rotators were excluded because rotational-broadening blends the absorption lines, thereby decreasing the accuracy with which equivalent widths can be measured. The criteria applied were as follows:
After applying the above criteria, we were left with 61 objects in total; 8 stars in NGC 3293, 10 in NGC 4755, 23 in NGC 2004 and 20 in NGC 330. These objects are listed in Tables 3 and 4, whilst comments on two objects which were considered during object selection, but that did not fulfill all our criteria, are included in Appendix A.
The FLAMES-Giraffe spectra were reduced using the Giraffe Base-Line Reduction Software (Blecha et al. 2003, girBLDRS) as discussed in Paper I and II. An inherent drawback in multi-fibre spectroscopy is the difficulty in sky subtraction particularly when treating nebular emission. To deal with this, typically 15 sky fibres were allocated in each FLAMES plate, those with significant nebular emission were omitted prior to making a master sky spectrum. The maximum variations in counts from the sky fibres across the FLAMES plate were on the order of 10%, which is comparable to the fibre throughputs and would be difficult to disentangle from this effect. We carried out significant testing of the sky subtraction. Initially the sky spectra were smoothed but this did not remove very narrow absorption lines in the fainter targets. Finally we used a master sky, which was scaled to the appropriate fibre throughput and subtracted from all objects. Further to these steps and those outlined in Papers I and II additional steps were required before the spectra were suitable for analysis with the model atmosphere codes and these are outlined here.
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NGC 2004 | NGC 330 | ||
(a) | (b) | (a) | (b) | ||
HR02 | 3958 | 6 | 6 | 9 | 3 |
HR03 | 4124 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 4 |
HR04 | 4297 | 6 | 2 | 6 | 4 |
HR05 | 4471 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 3 |
HR06 | 4656 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 3 |
HR14 | 6515 | 6 | 34 | 6 | 1 |
FLAMES observations were taken in six separate wavelength settings,
and in the case of the Magellanic Cloud fields, multiple exposures
were taken for each setting. These are summarized in Table 2
together with the maximum time separation of the individual exposures
for a given wavelength region; further information can be found in
Paper I. As some of the wavelength settings were observed over an
extended period, (34 days for NGC 2004 and 4 days for NGC 330) careful
corrections for velocity shifts were required. For each wavelength
setting, each exposure was cross-correlated with the others,
identifying any radial velocity shifts. Stars were classified as possible single-lined spectroscopic binaries if the mean radial
velocity of any two sets of exposures differed at the 3 level,
and are noted as such in Table 4. This method of
cross-correlation to determine if there were any radial velocity
shifts was dependent on sampling the binaries over a significant part
of their orbit. Hence it was of limited utility for some of the
clusters analysed here, and in particular for the NGC 330 cluster where
it was unlikely to identify long period binaries. For the Galactic
cluster objects and the one UVES object, NGC 330-124, no cross
correlation was possible as only one exposure was taken for each of
these objects.
A few objects were identified with significant radial velocity shifts and are likely to be in binary systems, but a number of objects have also been identified with very small shifts of <5 km s-1. Objects with similarly low velocity shifts were highlighted in Paper IV. These shifts may be significant but require further sampling in time for corroboration and we simply label these objects as radial velocity variables (see Table 4).
Once the spectra had been cross-correlated, the individual exposures were
combined and any cosmic rays were removed using the SCOMBINE procedure in
IRAF. The combined spectra, and in the case of the Galactic stars the
single exposures, were then normalised and individual wavelength settings merged
using the spectral analysis package DIPSO (Howarth et al. 1994). The spectra
from the four clusters were then inspected for 53 prominent metal lines, the
equivalent widths of these lines were measured if they were clearly visible and
unblended with neighbouring lines. The low order Balmer lines plus the neutral
helium lines in each star were then normalised for comparison with the
theoretical models. Additionally when observed, the singly ionised helium lines
at 4199, 4541 and 4686 Å were also normalised as they provide useful
supplementary checks on the effective temperature estimates. Figure 1
displays some examples of the FLAMES-Giraffe spectra of B1.5 type stars in
NGC 2004, additional examples can be seen in Papers I and II.
Initial parameters | Corrected parameters | |||||||||||
Star | Sp. Typ |
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(K) | (cm-2) | (km s-1) | (K) | (cm-2) | (km s-1) | (km s-1) | (![]() |
(![]() |
||||
NGC 3293-003 | B1 III | 20 700 | 2.75 | 15 | 20 500 | 2.75 | 13 | 80 | 18 ![]() |
4.92 | ||
NGC 3293-004 | B1 III | 22 700 | 3.13 | 13 | 22 700 | 3.13 | 13 | 105 | 17 ![]() |
4.76 | ||
NGC 3293-007 | B1 III | 22 700 | 3.10 | 12 | 22 600 | 3.10 | 11 | 65 | 15 +2-1 | 4.86 | ||
NGC 3293-010 | B1 III | 21 325 | 3.20 | 10 | 21 450 | 3.20 | 11 | 70 | 12 ![]() |
4.37 | ||
NGC 3293-012 | B1 III | 21 150 | 3.30 | 10 | 21 500 | 3.30 | 11 | 100 | 12 ![]() |
4.37 | ||
NGC 3293-018 | B1 V | 23 250 | 3.75 | 3 | 23 450 | 3.75 | 5 | 26 | 12 ![]() |
4.23 | ||
NGC 3293-0261 | B2 III | 21 700 | 3.65 | <0 | 22100 | 3.65 | 2 | 30 | 9![]() |
3.83 | ||
NGC 3293-0431 | B3 V | 19 500 | 4.05 | <0 | 19 500 | 4.05 | <0 | 14 | 7 ![]() |
3.32 | ||
NGC 4755-002 | B3 Ia | 15 950 | 2.20 | 19 | 15 950 | 2.20 | 18 | 70 | 22 ![]() |
5.15 | ||
NGC 4755-003 | B2 III | 17 600 | 2.50 | 17 | 17 700 | 2.50 | 15 | 38 | 19 +1-2 | 4.97 | ||
NGC 4755-004 | B1.5 Ib | 19 400 | 2.60 | 18 | 19 550 | 2.60 | 17 | 75 | 19 +1-2 | 5.00 | ||
NGC 4755-006 | B1 III | 19 000 | 2.85 | 14 | 19 900 | 2.95 | 17 | 100 | 11 ![]() |
4.36 | ||
NGC 4755-015 | B1 V | 21 800 | 3.65 | 2 | 22 400 | 3.70 | 5 | 48 | 10 ![]() |
3.98 | ||
NGC 4755-017 | B1.5 V | 20 500 | 3.90 | 6 | 20 400 | 3.90 | 3 | 75 | 9 ![]() |
3.83 | ||
NGC 4755-0201 | B2 V | 21 800 | 3.95 | 3 | 21 700 | 3.95 | 1 | 120 | 9 ![]() |
3.78 | ||
NGC 4755-0331 | B3 V | 18 000 | 3.90 | 10 | 17 300 | 3.85 | 6 | 75 | 6 ![]() |
3.11 | ||
NGC 4755-0401 | B2.5 V | 18 250 | 4.00 | <0 | 18 900 | 4.10 | 2 | 65 | 6 ![]() |
3.25 | ||
NGC 4755-0481 | B3 V | 18 200 | 3.95 | 6 | 17 800 | 3.95 | 4 | 55 | 6 ![]() |
2.98 |
Our analysis follows the methodology presented in Paper IV, as we have strived to provide a consistent analysis of the entire FLAMES dataset. This is important as later in this paper the implications from the results of both the young and old clusters will be discussed together. Due to the similarities with Paper IV the details of the spectral analysis will not be reiterated here but we will simply provide a summary.
The spectra were analysed with the Queen's University Belfast (QUB) B-type star
grid (Dufton et al. 2005; Ryans et al. 2003), which was generated using the non-LTE model
atmosphere code TLUSTY and line formation code SYNSPEC. For Hydrogen Lyman
and Balmer lines the broadening tables of Vidal et al. (1973) were used, whilst for
the higher members of the spectral series the approach described by
Hubeny et al. (1994) was applied. Further details can be found in the SYNSPEC user
manual. The QUB grid has been created specifically for B-type stars of all
luminosity classes, covering the effective temperatures (
), surface
gravities (
)
and microturbulent velocities (
)
appropriate for late O
to late B-type stars (
:
35-12 kK, steps of 2.5 kK;
:
4.5 down to the
Eddington limit, steps of 0.25;
:
0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 km s-1). The grid
covers a range of metallicities appropriate to the Milky Way, LMC and SMC. In
addition, for each of these metallicity grids the light elements are varied
around their normal abundances by +0.8, +0.4, -0.4 and -0.8. The atmospheric
parameters along with the photospheric abundances were determined for each star
by interpolation within this grid via QUB IDL routines (Ryans et al. 2003). The
energy levels and oscillator strengths relating to the transitions for the metal
lines considered in this work are available online at
http://star.pst.qub.ac.uk/pld/line_identifications.html.
Initial parameters | Corrected parameters | |||||||||||
Star | Sp. Typ |
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(K) | (cm-2) | (km s-1) | (K) | (cm-2) | (km s-1) | (km s-1) | (![]() |
(![]() |
||||
NGC 2004-003R5 | B5 Ia | 14 450 | 2.10 | 14 | 14 450 | 2.10 | 15 | 42 | 20 +2-1 | 5.10 | ||
NGC 2004-005R5 | B8 Ia | 12 600 | 1.90 | 24: | 12 390 | 1.90 | 12 | 31 | 18 ![]() |
4.93 | ||
NGC 2004-007 | B8 Ia | 12 560 | 2.00 | 29: | 12 250 | 2.00 | 10 | 25 | 17 ![]() |
4.88 | ||
NGC 2004-010 | B2.5 Iab | 17 050 | 2.40 | 16 | 17 160 | 2.40 | 14 | 45 | 19 ![]() |
5.02 | ||
NGC 2004-011 | B1.5 Ia | 21 300 | 2.75 | 14 | 21 250 | 2.75 | 13 | 62 | 24 ![]() |
5.22 | ||
NGC 2004-012 | B1.5 Iab | 21 270 | 2.87 | 12 | 21 270 | 2.87 | 12 | 47 | 18 ![]() |
4.92 | ||
NGC 2004-014 | B3 Ib | 17 660 | 2.85 | 14 | 17 800 | 2.85 | 10 | 20 | 15 +2-1 | 4.72 | ||
NGC 2004-021 | B1.5 Ib | 21 400 | 3.00 | 12 | 21 450 | 3.00 | 14 | 59 | 16 +2-1 | 4.82 | ||
NGC 2004-022 | B1.5 Ib | 21 700 | 3.15 | 10 | 21 780 | 3.15 | 11 | 42 | 16 +2-1 | 4.79 | ||
NGC 2004-026R | B2 II | 22 700 | 3.65 | 1 | 22 900 | 3.65 | 0 | 19 | 14 ![]() |
4.68 | ||
NGC 2004-029R | B1.5 e | 23 100 | 3.50 | 1 | 23 100 | 3.50 | 1 | 30 | 14 ![]() |
4.65 | ||
NGC 2004-036 | B1.5 III | 22 200 | 3.35 | 5 | 22 870 | 3.35 | 7 | 42 | 13 ![]() |
4.58 | ||
NGC 2004-042 | B2.5 III | 20 930 | 3.45 | 3 | 20 980 | 3.45 | 2 | 42 | 12 ![]() |
4.45 | ||
NGC 2004-046 | B1.5 III | 25 770 | 3.80 | <0 | 26 090 | 3.85 | 2 | 32 | 15 ![]() |
4.62 | ||
NGC 2004-053 | B0.2Ve | 32 000 | 4.15 | 3 | 31 500 | 4.15 | 6 | 7 | 18 ![]() |
4.77 | ||
NGC 2004-061 | B2 III | 21 090 | 3.35 | <0 | 20 990 | 3.35 | 1 | 40 | 11 ![]() |
4.31 | ||
NGC 2004-064 | B0.7-B1 III | 25 700 | 3.70 | 3 | 25 900 | 3.70 | 6 | 28 | 13 ![]() |
4.48 | ||
NGC 2004-070 | B0.7-B1 III | 27 200 | 3.90 | <0 | 27 400 | 3.90 | 4 | 46 | 14 ![]() |
4.51 | ||
NGC 2004-084 | B1.5 III | 27 170 | 4.00 | <0 | 27 395 | 4.00 | 3 | 36 | 14 ![]() |
4.46 | ||
NGC 2004-090 | O9.5 III | 31 750 | 4.05 | 3 | 32 500 | 4.10 | <0 | 16 | 17 ![]() |
4.64 | ||
NGC 2004-091R5 | B1.5 III | 26 600 | 4.05 | 1 | 26 520 | 4.05 | 0 | 40 | 13 ![]() |
4.42 | ||
NGC 2004-108R | B2.5 III | 22 600 | 4.00 | <0 | 22 600 | 4.00 | <0 | 13 | 10 ![]() |
4.21 | ||
NGC 2004-119 | B2 III | 23 210 | 3.75 | <0 | 23 210 | 3.75 | <0 | 15 | 10 ![]() |
4.15 | ||
NGC 330-002 | B3 Ib | 14 500 | 2.15 | 20 | 14 590 | 2.15 | 16 | 14 | 15 ![]() |
4.73 | ||
NGC 330-003 | B2 Ib | 17 250 | 2.25 | 15 | 17 210 | 2.25 | 20 | 49 | 16 +2-1 | 4.84 | ||
NGC 330-004 | B2.5 Ib | 17 000 | 2.30 | 16 | 17 000 | 2.30 | 16 | 36 | 15 ![]() |
4.77 | ||
NGC 330-005 | B5 Ib | 13 700 | 2.25 | 8 | 13 700 | 2.25 | 8 | 16 | 13 ![]() |
4.54 | ||
NGC 330-009 | B5 Ib | 14 000 | 2.45 | 10 | 13 940 | 2.45 | 6 | 29 | 12 ![]() |
4.41 | ||
NGC 330-010 | B5 Ib | 14 900 | 2.60 | 9 | 14 820 | 2.60 | 4 | 0 | 12 ![]() |
4.40 | ||
NGC 330-014 | B1.5 Ib | 20 000 | 2.75 | 15 | 20 130 | 2.75 | 18 | 81 | 14 ![]() |
4.64 | ||
NGC 330-016 | B5: II | 14 300 | 2.60 | 10 | 14 220 | 2.60 | 5 | 40 | 10 ![]() |
4.20 | ||
NGC 330-017 | B2 II | 22 000 | 3.35 | <0 | 22 000 | 3.35 | <0 | 14 | 14 ![]() |
4.62 | ||
NGC 330-018 | B3 II | 18 000 | 2.95 | 5 | 18 000 | 2.95 | 5 | 46 | 12 ![]() |
4.41 | ||
NGC 330-020 | B3 II | 16 400 | 2.85 | 2 | 16 720 | 2.85 | 5 | 44 | 11 ![]() |
4.31 | ||
NGC 330-022 | B3 II | 18 450 | 3.00 | 7 | 18 860 | 3.00 | 1 | 23 | 12 ![]() |
4.38 | ||
NGC 330-026 | B2.5 II | 22 500 | 3.40 | <0 | 22 500 | 3.40 | <0 | 71 | 12 ![]() |
4.46 | ||
NGC 330-027 | B1 V | 22 000 | 3.20 | 6 | 22 040 | 3.20 | 7 | 80 | 12 ![]() |
4.42 | ||
NGC 330-032 | B0.5 V | 29 700 | 4.15 | <0 | 29 700 | 4.15 | <0 | 17 | 16 ![]() |
4.63 | ||
NGC 330-042 | B2 II | 25 650 | 3.75 | 3 | 25 450 | 3.75 | 1 | 26 | 12 ![]() |
4.34 | ||
NGC 330-047 | B1 V | 26 700 | 4.05 | 0 | 26 700 | 4.05 | 0 | 28 | 12 ![]() |
4.30 | ||
NGC 330-074 | B0 V | 32 300 | 4.20 | 2 | 32 020 | 4.20 | 4 | 29 | 15 ![]() |
4.31 | ||
NGC 330-114 | B2 III | 23 800 | 3.90 | 3 | 23 800 | 3.90 | 4 | 17 | 9 ![]() |
3.79 | ||
NGC 330-124 | B0.2 V | 31150 | 4.25 | <0 | 30 980 | 4.25 | 2 | 95 | 15 ![]() |
4.38 |
R Radial velocity variations detected at the 3![]() |
A static stellar atmosphere is characterised by four parameters:
,
,
and metallicity (Z). These parameters are interdependent and hence are
determined through an iterative procedure, that assumes an appropriate
metallicity (which depends on the cluster/galaxy) and estimates of the
atmospheric parameters based on the spectral type of the star. By choosing
suitable initial estimates of the stars properties, one can significantly
reduce the number of iterations required. The stellar parameters of our
targets, are presented in Tables 3 and 4.
Effective temperatures were determined using the silicon ionisation
balance i.e. that the abundance estimates derived from the Si III lines (4552,
4567 and 4574 Å) agree with that from the Si IV line (4116 Å) for hot
objects, or those from the Si II lines (4128 and 4131 Å) for cooler objects.
Several of the B1 and B2 objects in the galactic cluster, NGC 3293, had all
three ionisation stages present in their spectra. However the temperatures
determined from the Si III/ IV and Si III/ II ionisation stages
differed, with the latter generally requiring higher temperatures. For
NGC 3293-007 where the Si IV line is relatively strong and well observed this
difference is only 200 K, but for NGC 3293-010, -018, and -026 the differences are
2000 to 2500 K. As the Si II spectrum is the weakest of the three
ionisation stages the
estimated from the Si III/ IV lines have been adopted
for these stars. NGC 4755-004 also has the three silicon ionisation stages
present in its spectra and for this object the estimates were in excellent
agreement.
For the hotter objects (with spectral types earlier than B1), the He II 4541 and 4199 Å lines were used as an additional check on the temperature. The estimates from the two elements normally agreed to within 500 K with the He lines implying slightly higher temperature. For one star, NGC 2004-090, a significant discrepancy was found with the estimate from the Si lines being 31 750 K, whilst the He II lines implied a temperature of 33 000 K. However the Si III lines are relatively weak in this spectrum increasing the uncertainty in this effective temperature estimate.
We believe that our effective temperature estimates should have an uncertainty
of typically 1000 K. However there are a number of other objects for
which larger error estimates are appropriate, due to either the Si lines from
one of the ionisation stages being very weak or the difficulty in constraining
the microturbulence. In these cases, errors of up to 2000 K have been
adopted when estimating uncertainties in the derived abundances.
Surface gravities were determined by comparing theoretical spectra with
the observed profiles of the hydrogen Balmer lines, H
and H
.
This was
achieved using automated procedures developed in IDL, to fit models within the
TLUSTY grids using
techniques. To increase the accuracy of our
estimates, a higher resolution TLUSTY grid has been generated in gravity space,
with steps of 0.1 dex in
from 4.5 dex down to the Eddington limit. The
estimates derived from the two hydrogen lines normally agree to within 0.1 dex,
with any differences mainly arising from errors in the normalisation of the
observed spectra.
Microturbulences have been derived from the Si III lines 4552, 4567 and 4574 Å, by ensuring that the abundance estimates were consistent (i.e. a slope of
zero is obtained in a plot of equivalent widths against abundance estimates).
For a number of objects in our sample, and those presented in Paper IV, a
microturbulence of 0 km s-1 has been adopted. Unfortunately this did not produce
a slope of zero in the equivalent-width versus abundance-estimate diagram but
was the value of microturbulence which brought the slope the closest to zero
(these values are denoted in Tables 3 and 4 with <0 km s-1). The cause for this discrepancy is unclear and has been discussed in
detail in Paper IV. The uncertainties in the adopted microturbulence depend on
the accuracy of the measured equivalent widths with typical errors of 3-5 km s-1.
Uncertainties of 5 km s-1 are only required for those objects with large
microturbulences (i.e. > 10 km s-1), whose derived silicon (and indeed
other) abundances are less sensitive to the value adopted. The microturbulence
can also be estimated from other species and this can lead to values that are
generally consistent with our adopted uncertainties. Again a detailed discussion
of this can be found in Paper IV and will not be repeated here.
In Paper IV, a microturbulence for each object which provides a silicon
abundance equal to the median of that from all targets in the cluster
was also considered. This significantly reduces the scatter in the
abundances derived for elements (excluding nitrogen) within a
cluster. The changes in the microturbulence are normally consistent
with the errors discussed above and in most cases the effect of these
changes on the other atmospheric parameters are minor, typically less
than 200 K for
and negligible for
.
However for a small
number of objects the changes in microturbulence had a significant
effect on the other atmospheric parameters due to their
interdependence. Hence, we decided to carry out our abundance analysis
in three steps:
In order to fit theoretical spectra to the observed data, any
additional broadening of the spectral lines due to, for example,
rotation or macroturbulence must be included. Here we have assumed
that rotational broadening will be the dominant mechanism and have
estimated its magnitude from the line profiles of the He I 4026 Å line for objects where the projected rotational velocity ()
was greater than 50 km s-1 and from the Si III lines where it was less than 50 km s-1. Details of the methodology have been presented in Paper IV and Hunter et al. (2007, hereafter Paper V) and the estimates are listed in
Tables 3 and 4
In the case of dwarfs and giants these estimates can be safely considered to be a measurement of the projected rotational velocity as the instrumental broadening and microturbulence have been taken into account. However for most of the supergiants this excess broadening is likely to be a convolution of rotational broadening and other broadening mechanisms as has been discussed by Ryans et al. (2002), Dufton et al. (2006a), Simón-Díaz et al. (2006) & Simón-Díaz & Herrero (2007). In Paper V, a Fourier method (Simón-Díaz & Herrero 2007) has been applied to these supergiants to deconvolve the rotational broadening from other mechanisms and more realistic estimates of the projected rotational velocities were obtained. However we emphasize that the values quoted here have only been used to account for additional broadening in the line profile when comparing observation and theory, for which purpose we believe them to be adequate.
Luminosities and masses were estimated for each object and are
presented in Tables 3 and 4. Luminosities for all the Milky Way
cluster targets in our survey have been presented in Paper III, but here we have
recalculated them following the same technique, based on the new, more accurate
atmospheric parameters. For the Magellanic Cloud stars, the
luminosities of each object were determined by assuming a constant reddening
towards each cluster, Bolometric correction from the empirical solutions of
Vacca et al. (1996) and Balona (1994), and the apparent magnitudes presented in
Paper II. For the LMC a standard Galactic extinction law of = 3.1E(B-V) was used whilst for NGC 330 we took
= 2.72E(B-V) from
Bouchet et al. (1985). We adopt an E(B-V) of 0.09 for NGC 2004 (Sagar & Richtler 1991) and
NGC 330 (Lennon 1997). The distance moduli (DM) adopted were 18.91 and 18.56 for
NGC 330 and NGC 2004, respectively (Hilditch et al. 2005; Gieren et al. 2005). The masses were then
derived by plotting luminosity and temperature for each object on a
Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram and interpolating between stellar evolutionary
tracks of varying masses. The evolutionary tracks adopted are from
Meynet et al. (1994) together with those of Schaller et al. (1992) for the Milky Way
clusters, and Schaerer et al. (1993) and Charbonnel et al. (1993) for NGC 2004 and NGC 330,
respectively. Quoted uncertainties in the derived masses assumed an uncertainty
of 0.1 dex in
/
and a negligible error from the
uncertainty in the effective temperature estimates.
This Paper is concerned with analyzing the photospheric abundance patterns, specifically of C, N, and O, of the selected targets. Therefore we have used the atmospheric parameters, discussed in the previous sections, to derive absolute abundances of these stars by interpolating between models with the same atmospheric parameters but differing light element abundances. Using the equivalent widths measured for each line in the spectra arising from C, N, O, Mg, Si and Fe we have derived abundance estimates for each line of a given species (see Tables C.1-C.4), and from these the mean abundances in a given star were determined and are presented in Tables A.1, A.2, and 6. Abundances of C, N, O, Mg and Si were determined using the non-LTE model atmospheres and line formation calculations. As will be discussed later in this section, the Fe abundances were also derived using non-LTE model atmosphere structures but with LTE line formation calculations. Table A.1 presents the abundances derived using the initial atmospheric parameters from Tables 3 and 4.
There are several factors which contribute to the uncertainties in the
mean abundances derived in the manner described above, including the
atomic data adopted in the model atmosphere code, errors in EW measurements from normalisation problems or blending with other lines and
errors in the stellar parameters. The former two will be decreased for
species for which there are many lines, whereas the latter arises mainly
from the interdependence of the parameters. The random uncertainty arising
from the atomic data and observational data are accounted for in the
standard error in the mean of the abundances. The systematic errors which
arise from the uncertainties in the atmospheric parameters were then
accounted for by changing these in turn by their relevant uncertainties
and re-determining the abundance estimates. The random and systematic
errors (from each parameter) were then summed in quadrature to give the
uncertainties listed in Tables A.1, A.2, and 6. In the case of species for which only one or two lines
(viz. Si IV and Mg II) were observed, we have adopted the random error of
a better-sampled species (viz. oxygen). Since we have not explicitly
accounted for the interdependence of the stellar parameters, specifically
and
,
the uncertainties may be slightly overestimated.
As discussed in Sect. 4, for a number of objects it was difficult to
obtain a microturbulence from the silicon lines and so the silicon abundance in
each star was fixed to the mean cluster abundance (NGC 3293: [Si/H] = 7.45;
NGC 4755: [Si/H] = 7.41; NGC 2004: [Si/H] = 7.21; NGC 330: [Si/H] = 6.81) by adjusting
the microturbulence. The abundances derived using the initial
and
but with the microturbulence fixed to give the desired Si abundance
(
)
are presented in Table A.2. A comparison with
Table A.1 shows that the Si III abundances are now more consistent within
the clusters. Nevertheless, in comparing the Si III abundances with those from
the other Si ionisation stages one can see that the ionisation balance is no
longer maintained. Table 6 presents the abundances derived with the
new microturbulence and appropriate
and
(i.e. using the corrected
atmospheric parameters from Tables 3 and 4) to maintain the
mean cluster Si abundance in each object, whilst also maintaining the ionisation
balance. By fixing the microturbulence the scatter in Si abundances is greatly
reduced as those objects with [Si/H] > [Si/H]
can be easily
brought into agreement with the [Si/H]
,
by increasing
(see
Tables A.2 and 6). This procedure only slightly reduces
the scatter in abundances from the other elements (by less than 0.03 dex),
except for the mean oxygen abundance. For those targets with [Si/H]
significantly (
0.2 dex) above the mean cluster [Si/H], their oxygen
abundances were also quite high (see Table A.1). By increasing the
microturbulence in these objects, their silicon and oxygen abundances are
reduced putting them into better agreement with the mean values of the cluster
(see Table 6). For some objects, where the silicon abundance was
significantly lower than the desired cluster abundance ([Si/H]
[Si/H]
), it was not possible to increase the silicon abundance
as the microturbulence was close to/or at zero and would need to be lowered
further still (see for example NGC 2004: #91, #108, #119).
Before discussing the final results it is worth mentioning a few general points on the mean abundances for the individual elements:
Carbon is a problematic species in B-type stars, a result of the C II lines being very sensitive to non-LTE effects. In the spectra of our targets the strongest carbon lines are at 3921, 4267, 6578 and 6582 Å. The carbon model atom in TLUSTY fails to reproduce consistent abundances from these 4 lines, with the carbon abundance estimated from the 4267 Å line normally found to be lower than for the other three lines.
Recently Nieva & Przybilla (2006,2007) have constructed a new comprehensive non-LTE carbon
model atom and have shown that for six slowly-rotating early B-type stars their
model can produce consistent carbon abundances from 21 C II lines (including
those mentioned above) in the visible spectrum. To investigate the offsets
between the C abundances derived with TLUSTY in this work and those derived by
Nieva & Przybilla using their C II model atom and a hybrid approach to the
non-LTE line formation, we have analysed one of their stars in the same way as
our targets. Using the same equivalent widths and spectra as Nieva & Przybilla,
we analysed HR3468 a Galactic B1.5 III star. In Table 5 we present
the results of this comparison, the
and
estimated in the two
analyses are in good agreement. This is reassuring as there were a number of
differences in the analyses viz. (1) Nieva & Przybilla estimated the
from
the C II/C III ionisation equilibrium and (2) they derived the microturbulence
from the 17 carbon lines. This last point is the reason for the differences in
the values of microturbulence in Table 5. The difference in
abundances from the two analyses are quite significant, and vary from line to
line. The C II 4267 Å line differs the most by 0.5 dex, this difference is
reduced to a factor of 2.5 if the carbon abundances are derived using the lower
microturbulence of 5 km s-1 in the TLUSTY analysis.
HR 3468 | |||
Tlusty | Nieva & Przybilla | ||
![]() |
22 800 | 22 900 | 22 900 |
![]() |
3.55 | 3.60 | 3.60 |
![]() |
10 (Si) | 5 | 5 (C) |
C II 3921 | 7.92 | 8.14 | 8.34 |
C II 4267 | 7.83 | 7.95 | 8.33 |
C II 6578 | 8.05 | 8.37 | 8.40 |
C II 6582 | 7.96 | 8.17 | 8.40 |
Two factors prevent us from adopting these offsets and applying them to the
carbon abundances derived here using TLUSTY. Firstly, the carbon abundances
derived by Nieva & Przybilla were estimated using a profile fitting technique
and not the curve-of-growth technique applied here. Profile fitting is very
reliant on the values adopted and results in uncertainties of up to 0.15 dex. More importantly, a comparison with only one object does not allow us to get
a clear picture of the offsets in the carbon abundances derived throughout the
entire parameter range covered by our targets. As each of the carbon lines
behaves differently and since the C II 4267 Å line is the only line
detectable throughout our spectral range, we have taken the absolute abundance
of this line to represent the carbon abundance in these stars. In
Tables A.1, A.2, and 6 the absolute carbon
abundances are those derived from the C II 4267 Å line without any applied
offsets but with the caveat that the absolute value is likely to be significantly lower than the true value and should only be used differentially.
The abundances estimated from the other carbon lines are presented in
Tables C.1-C.4 for comparison.
Nitrogen abundances in B-type stars generally span a large range as a result of being processed in the CNO-cycle and this element being present in the photosphere through some, much debated, mechanism. The range of nitrogen abundances in our targets are again large: NGC 3293: 7.45-7.66 dex, NGC 4755: 7.43-8.18 dex, NGC 2004: 6.81-8.16 dex, NGC 330: 6.76-7.83 dex. The spread in the nitrogen abundances of the stars in the Galactic cluster NGC 3293, is smaller than that of NGC 4755 (also a Galactic cluster), but the former has no supergiants present in the analysed data. The three objects in NGC 4755 with significant nitrogen enrichments are the three most massive and luminous Galactic objects in our sample. In each of the other clusters, it is the supergiants which have the highest nitrogen abundances, although there is a significant range in nitrogen abundances derived from the main sequence and dwarf objects. The nitrogen abundances will be discussed further in Sect. 6.
Oxygen has several strong features in the spectra of B-type stars and as
such its mean abundance is very dependent on the microturbulence adopted for a
given star. It has been previously noted that microturbulent velocities when
derived from a range of oxygen lines are generally higher than that derived from
the Si III 4560 Å multiplet (Trundle et al. 2002; Vrancken et al. 2000). However in Paper IV it was
shown that by selecting the lines from a single oxygen multiplet, the
microturbulence estimated from both oxygen and silicon were in better agreement
(in some cases to within 1 km s-1). The oxygen abundances are reasonably
consistent within a cluster but a comparison of Tables A.1,
A.2, and 6 reveals the strong dependence of oxygen on the
microturbulence. For example, the oxygen abundances are lower than the mean
cluster abundances for a number of objects where the microturbulence adopted was
0 but for which an even lower value, if realistic, could have been adopted
(NGC 3293-043, NGC 2004-108, NGC 330-017 and -026). The two B8Ia objects in NGC 2004
(#005 and #007) have large oxygen abundances compared to the cluster mean, by
almost a factor of 3. Although the
and
derived for these objects are
reasonable, the oxygen abundances of these objects are highly dependent on the
microturbulence, varying from 8.56 and 8.46 dex to 8.84 dex in both objects.
These objects are also very luminous lying close to the edge of the grid and
have a very weak oxygen spectrum so should be treated with caution.
Magnesium like silicon is an -processed element and so should
follow the same trend as silicon. There is only one strong line which
can be seen over our wavelength range, that is the doublet at Mg II 4481 Å. The
derived Mg abundances are normally in very good agreement throughout the clusters.
Silicon is one of the main diagnostic elements. As a result of its sensitivity to both temperature and microturbulence, we tend to see a large range in silicon abundances (Table A.1). However as discussed above we have fixed the Si abundance in each star to reflect the median abundance of the cluster, where possible. Those objects which have <0 in the microturbulence column for the corrected parameters in Tables 3 and 4 are those for which we could not obtain the desired Si abundance by changing the microturbulence. For these objects a zero microturbulence was adopted as this provided the closest possible Si abundance to that desired.
During our analysis we have encountered a problem with the Si II spectrum, where the Si abundances from the two Si II lines at 4128 and 4131 Å differ on average by 0.13 dex with the former resulting in a higher abundance. We expect that this is related to the oscillator strengths (log gf) included in TLUSTY calculations which have a ratio of 0.66. If the two lines were to follow LS coupling we would expect the ratio to be approximately 0.70. Indeed from theoretical calculations involving 10 000 configurations the ratio of these two lines is found to be 0.69-0.70 (private comm.: A. Hibbert, Queen's University Belfast). However, from the observations of these stars we would require a ratio of 0.89 for these gf-values, to obtain consistent abundances from this multiplet. It is beyond the scope of this paper but this discrepancy clearly merits further investigation of the oscillator strengths in the future. In estimating the effective temperatures of these stars we have simply taken the mean of the two lines to represent the Si abundance as determined from the Si II spectrum.
Star | Sp. Typ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() ![]() |
C II | N II | O II | Mg II | Si II | Si III | Si IV | Fe III |
NGC 3293-003 | B1 III | 20 500 | 2.75 | 13 | 7.84 | 7.52 ![]() |
8.75 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.48 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.27 ![]() |
|
NGC 3293-004 | B1 III | 22 700 | 3.13 | 13 | 7.89 | 7.55 ![]() |
8.74 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
||
NGC 3293-007 | B1 III | 22 600 | 3.10 | 11 | 7.86 | 7.50 ![]() |
8.71 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
NGC 3293-010 | B1 III | 21 450 | 3.20 | 11 | 7.66 | 7.45 ![]() |
8.82 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
6.89 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.53 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
NGC 3293-012 | B1 III | 21 500 | 3.30 | 11 | 7.67 | 7.45 ![]() |
8.83 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.50 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
||
NGC 3293-018 | B1 V | 23 450 | 3.75 | 5 | 7.66 | 7.56 ![]() |
8.71 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.70 ![]() |
NGC 3293-026 | B2 III | 22 100 | 3.65 | 2 | 7.79 | 7.66 ![]() |
8.75 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
7.46 ![]() |
7.66 ![]() |
NGC 3293-043 | B3 V | 19 500 | 4.05 | <0 | 7.91 | 7.55 ![]() |
8.50 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-002 | B3 Ia | 15 950 | 2.20 | 18 | 7.87 | 8.18 ![]() |
8.59 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.54 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-003 | B2 III | 17 700 | 2.50 | 15 | 7.78 | 8.12 ![]() |
8.52 ![]() |
7.33 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-004 | B1.5 Ib | 19 550 | 2.60 | 17 | 7.76 | 8.07 ![]() |
8.64 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
NGC 4755-006 | B1 III | 19 900 | 2.95 | 17 | 7.60 | 7.63 ![]() |
8.90 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-015 | B1 V | 22 400 | 3.70 | 5 | 7.64 | 7.81 ![]() |
8.80 ![]() |
7.09 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
7.46 ![]() |
7.73 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-017 | B1.5 V | 20 400 | 3.90 | 3 | 7.93 | 7.74 ![]() |
8.71 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-020 | B2 V | 21 700 | 3.95 | 1 | 8.01 | 7.68 ![]() |
8.51 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
7.84 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-033 | B3 V | 17 300 | 3.85 | 6 | 8.17 | 7.44 ![]() |
8.72 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-040 | B2.5 V | 18 900 | 4.10 | 2 | 8.31 | 7.69 ![]() |
8.98 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-048 | B3 V | 17 800 | 3.95 | 4 | 8.30 | 7.45 ![]() |
9.00 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.36 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-003 | B5 Ia | 14 450 | 2.10 | 15 | 7.66 | 7.85 ![]() |
8.45 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-005 | B8 Ia | 12 390 | 1.90 | 12 | 7.77 | 7.86 ![]() |
8.84 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-007 | B8 Ia | 12 250 | 2.00 | 10 | 7.73 | 7.78 ![]() |
8.84 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.11 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-010 | B2.5 Iab | 17 160 | 2.40 | 14 | 7.53 | 8.16 ![]() |
8.29 ![]() |
7.11 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-011 | B1.5 Ia | 21 250 | 2.75 | 13 | 7.45 | 7.73 ![]() |
8.41 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-012 | B1.5 Iab | 21 270 | 2.87 | 12 | 7.44 | 7.75 ![]() |
8.43 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.12 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-014 | B3 Ib | 17 800 | 2.85 | 10 | 7.58 | 7.52 ![]() |
8.24 ![]() |
7.06 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-021 | B1.5 Ib | 21 450 | 3.00 | 14 | 7.55 | 7.20 ![]() |
8.47 ![]() |
7.07 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.23 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-022 | B1.5 Ib | 21 780 | 3.15 | 11 | 7.32 | 7.68 ![]() |
8.55 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
7.23 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.00 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-026 | B2 II | 22 900 | 3.65 | 0 | 7.53 | 7.01 ![]() |
8.18 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-029 | B1.5 e | 23 100 | 3.50 | 1 | 7.43 | 6.81 ![]() |
8.29 ![]() |
7.03 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-036 | B1.5 III | 22 870 | 3.35 | 7 | 7.51 | 7.38 ![]() |
8.48 ![]() |
6.93 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-042 | B2.5 III | 20 980 | 3.45 | 2 | 7.64 | 6.90 ![]() |
8.16 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-046 | B1.5 III | 26 090 | 3.85 | 2 | 7.52 | 7.60 ![]() |
8.44 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-053 | B0.2 Ve | 31 500 | 4.15 | 6 | 7.83 | 7.64 ![]() |
8.39 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-061 | B2 III | 20 990 | 3.35 | 1 | 7.75 | 6.99 ![]() |
8.30 ![]() |
7.13 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-064 | B0.7-B1 III | 25 900 | 3.70 | 6 | 7.49 | 7.53 ![]() |
8.37 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-070 | B0.7-B1 III | 27 400 | 3.90 | 4 | 7.58 | 7.43 ![]() |
8.50 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-084 | B1.5 III | 27 395 | 4.00 | 3 | 7.64 | 7.28 ![]() |
8.42 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-090 | O9.5 III | 32 500 | 4.10 | <0 | 7.63 | 7.65 ![]() |
8.44 ![]() |
6.97 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-091 | B1.5 III | 26 520 | 4.05 | 0 | 7.80 | 7.29 ![]() |
8.38 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-108 | B2.5 III | 22 600 | 4.00 | <0 | 7.29 | 6.89 ![]() |
8.23 ![]() |
6.99 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-119 | B2 III | 23 210 | 3.75 | <0 | 7.48 | 6.95 ![]() |
8.35 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-002 | B3 Ib | 14 590 | 2.15 | 16 | 7.09 | 7.59 ![]() |
7.98 ![]() |
6.60 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.70 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-003 | B2 Ib | 17 210 | 2.25 | 20 | 7.25 | 7.69 ![]() |
8.07 ![]() |
6.79 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.87 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-004 | B2.5 Ib | 17 000 | 2.30 | 16 | 6.84 | 7.83 ![]() |
7.86 ![]() |
6.73 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-005 | B5 Ib | 13 700 | 2.25 | 8 | 6.77 | 7.49 ![]() |
7.82 ![]() |
6.58 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-009 | B5 Ib | 13 940 | 2.45 | 6 | 7.05 | 7.20 ![]() |
8.30 ![]() |
6.66 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-010 | B5 Ib | 14 820 | 2.60 | 4 | 7.17 | 7.14 ![]() |
7.71 ![]() |
6.63 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-014 | B1.5 Ib | 20 130 | 2.75 | 18 | 6.94 | 7.53 ![]() |
8.11 ![]() |
6.72 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-016 | B5: II | 14 220 | 2.60 | 5 | 7.36 | 7.18 ![]() |
8.07 ![]() |
6.69 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-017 | B2 II | 22 000 | 3.35 | <0 | 7.07 | 7.12 ![]() |
7.64 ![]() |
6.47 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-018 | B3 II | 18 000 | 2.95 | 5 | 7.17 | 7.24 ![]() |
8.05 ![]() |
6.61 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-020 | B3 II | 16 720 | 2.85 | 5 | 7.05 | 7.01 ![]() |
7.80 ![]() |
6.64 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-022 | B3 II | 18 860 | 3.00 | 1 | 7.14 | 7.29 ![]() |
7.76 ![]() |
6.85 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-026 | B2.5 II | 22 500 | 3.40 | <0 | 7.30 | 7.23 ![]() |
7.74 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
6.64 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-027 | B1 V | 22 040 | 3.20 | 7 | 7.13 | 7.40 ![]() |
8.27 ![]() |
6.44 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-032 | B0.5 V | 29 700 | 4.15 | <0 | 7.16 | 7.37 ![]() |
7.90 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-042 | B2 II | 25 450 | 3.75 | 1 | 7.04 | 7.20 ![]() |
7.73 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-047 | B1 V | 26 700 | 4.05 | 0 | 7.20 | 6.76 ![]() |
8.07 ![]() |
6.57 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-074 | B0 V | 32 020 | 4.20 | 4 | 7.29 | 7.45 ![]() |
7.87 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-114 | B2 III | 23 800 | 3.90 | 4 | 7.23 | 7.32 ![]() |
8.00 ![]() |
6.97 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-124 | B0.2 V | 30 980 | 4.25 | 2 | 7.55 | 7.36 ![]() |
7.75 ![]() |
6.75 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
Iron lines from Fe III at 4419 and 4430 Å have been detected in many of our targets, particularly in the more metal rich environs of the LMC and Milky Way Clusters. Unfortunately, whilst the Fe model atom is included in TLUSTY, apart from the ground level the higher energy states are bundled into super-levels to simplify and speed up the calculations. As a result it is difficult to isolate the levels associated with these transitions, and hence their departure coefficients. It was therefore necessary to calculate the abundances in LTE, this should not invoke large uncertainties in the absolute Fe abundances as Thompson et al. (2007) have shown that non-LTE effects appear to be small.
In the Galactic clusters the Fe abundances from the higher gravity
objects ( > 3.3 dex), are higher in comparison to the lower
gravity targets. For example, in NGC 3293 the mean of the Fe abundance
is 7.27 dex from the 3 stars with log g < 3.3 dex, whereas the mean
is 7.62 dex from the 3 stars with log g > 3.3 dex. The weighted
mean of this cluster is 7.49 dex and is reasonable for the Galaxy, yet
clearly there is a large spread amongst the objects, which could be
due to the microturbulences adopted. In addition to the objects
analysed for this paper we have estimated the Fe abundances for a
number of the objects from Paper IV (see Tables B.1 and 9).
In the following discussion we will compare the abundances derived for the older
clusters analysed here with the younger clusters presented in Paper IV. In
addition we will discuss all these results in relation to those available in
the literature. The mean abundances for each cluster are presented in
Table 9, and are based on the results presented in
Table 6 weighted by their degree of uncertainty. Carbon has been omitted from
Table 9 due to the uncertainties in the absolute abundances as
discussed in Sect. 5.3. Objects for which the median silicon
abundance of the cluster could not be reproduced, were omitted from the
calculation of the mean cluster abundance (i.e. those objects with
). The abundances of the young clusters (NGC 6611, N11 and NGC 346) were taken
from Paper IV except for the Fe abundances which were calculated in LTE using
the methods described in Sect. 5.3.
The -processed elements, Mg and Si, and the heavier Fe nuclei provide
good estimates of the metallicity of a cluster as they should be unaffected by
any nuclear processes in the cores of these relatively young stars. As discussed
above the Si results are sensitive to the atmospheric parameters, but
nevertheless the mean Si abundances of the three clusters are in very good
agreement as are those for Mg. In comparison to the solar composition from
Asplund et al. (2005) these B-type star estimates are approximately 0.3 and 0.1 dex
lower for Mg and Si. Indeed solar abundances suggest that the Mg to Si ratio is almost 1:1 (Asplund et al. 2005, and references therein), but the B-type star
results suggest something closer to 0.69:1. As discussed in
Sect. 5.3, there is a large spread in Fe abundances within a
cluster and between the Galactic clusters, although the mean Fe abundances from
each cluster agree within the uncertainties, and with the solar estimate.
In Paper IV, we found that the oxygen abundances of NGC 6611 were in very good agreement with those determined from H II regions. Yet both the stellar and H II regions whilst agreeing within the errors, were approximately 0.1 dex lower than the solar abundances from Asplund et al. The oxygen abundances from the two older clusters are 8.73 dex, approximately 0.2 dex higher than those in NGC 6611. As these two clusters are situated in the Carina arm of the Milky Way, it would be conceivable that the NGC 6611 cluster has a different composition to these clusters. However the good agreement of the Si and Mg abundances would not support this. There are 3 objects with particularly high oxygen abundance in NGC 4755 (#006, #040, and #048). The latter two objects have a very weak oxygen spectrum, whilst the oxygen abundance in #006 is very sensitive to the adopted microturbulence. Omitting these three objects would lower the mean abundance of NGC 4755 to 8.66 dex, in better agreement with the solar abundance. It is therefore more likely that the difference is due to an artifact of the small number of objects per cluster, and the scatter from object to object, rather than a real metallicity difference between these clusters and their environments.
NGC 2004-022 | ||
This paper | K00 | |
![]() |
21 780 | 23 450 |
![]() |
3.15 | 3.45 |
![]() |
11 | 14 |
C | 7.32 | 7.60: |
N | 7.68 ![]() |
7.50 ![]() |
O | 8.55 ![]() |
8.35 ![]() |
Mg | 6.94 ![]() |
7.00 ![]() |
Si | 7.23 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
Fe | 7.00 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
NGC 330-002 | NGC 330-004 | NGC 330-018 | ||||||
This paper | L03 | This paper | L03 | This paper | K00 | |||
![]() |
14 590 | 16 000 | 17 000 | 18 000 | 18 000 | 16 950 | ||
![]() |
2.15 | 2.30 | 2.30 | 2.40 | 2.95 | 2.77 | ||
![]() |
16 | 8 | 16 | 10 | 5 | 6 | ||
C | 7.09 | 6.91 | 6.84 | 6.71 | 7.17 | 7.30: | ||
N | 7.59 ![]() |
7.71 | 7.83 ![]() |
7.89 | 7.24 ![]() |
|||
O | 7.98 ![]() |
8.14 | 7.86 ![]() |
7.98 | 8.05 ![]() |
8.25 ![]() |
||
Mg | 6.60 ![]() |
6.69 | 6.73 ![]() |
6.79 | 6.61 ![]() |
6.85 ![]() |
||
Si | 6.82 ![]() |
6.82 | 6.82 ![]() |
7.12 | 6.80 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
Milky Way | LMC | SMC | ||||||||
Solar | NGC 6611 | NGC 3293 | NGC 4755 | N11 | NGC 2004 | NGC 346 | NGC 330 | |||
N | 7.78 ![]() |
7.59 ![]() |
7.52 ![]() |
7.85 ![]() |
7.54 ![]() |
7.33 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.27 ![]() |
||
O | 8.66 ![]() |
8.55 ![]() |
8.76 ![]() |
8.73 ![]() |
8.33 ![]() |
8.40 ![]() |
8.06 ![]() |
7.90 ![]() |
||
Mg | 7.53 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.23 ![]() |
7.06 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.72 ![]() |
||
Si | 7.51 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
6.79 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
Fe | 7.45 ![]() |
7.62 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.56 ![]() |
7.23 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
An LTE analysis of B-type stars in these three clusters by Rolleston et al. (2000),
shows very good agreement in the oxygen abundances between these clusters.
Besides the work by Rolleston et al., a number of the objects in NGC 3293 and
NGC 4755 have been analysed by Mathys et al. (2002). However there are significant
differences in the techniques used to determine the parameters in this work as
they use Strömgren photometry to determine the atmospheric parameters. Whilst
the microturbulences agree well in all the objects, for the hotter objects the
and
values differ significantly. This maybe a result of the
insensitivity of the Strömgren colour index at high temperatures. Due to the
large differences between these analyses we have not attempted any further
comparisons.
From a literature search we found only one object in NGC 2004 which had been
analysed previously, (#022), by Korn et al. (2000) using LTE model atmospheres
and non-LTE line formations. The comparison of their results with ours is shown
in Table 7. Whilst there are significant differences in the
derived atmospheric parameters, the abundances agree well within the errors,
particularly the Fe and Mg abundances. A comparison of the silicon equivalent
widths (A. Korn, private communication) show very good agreement for the Si III lines, although the Si IV 4116 Å line is weaker in the UVES data of
Korn et al., than in our spectrum. This however would not explain the
effective temperature difference of 1700 K between the two analyses and
would in fact require that the estimated temperatures of Korn et al.
should be lower. We conclude that there is a significant difference in the
fitting to the Balmer lines to determine the surface gravity, being 0.2 dex
higher in the analysis by Korn et al. and this would lead to the
higher
.
Such a high gravity does not seem appropriate from the FLAMES data. There is also a difference in the adopted microturbulence which may
explain some of the discrepancies in the abundances. Using the Si III equivalent
widths provided by Korn et al. however we reproduce the value of 11 km s-1 as obtained from the FLAMES data.
Apart from the nitrogen abundances, the mean abundances in the two LMC clusters are in excellent agreement.
![]() |
Figure 2: Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams of NGC 3293, NGC 4755, NGC 2004 and NGC 330 objects. Binaries are represented by squares, and single stars by solid circles. The nitrogen abundances in the stars are represented by the size of the symbols, as per the key in each diagram (i.e. the larger the symbol the more nitrogen at the surface of the star). The evolutionary tracks are shown as dotted lines and represent the non-rotating tracks from Meynet et al. (1994) and Schaller et al. (1992) for the Milky Way clusters, and Schaerer et al. (1993) and Charbonnel et al. (1993) for NGC 2004 and NGC 330, respectively. Isochrones are presented as dashed lines, but in the case of the Magellanic cloud HRDs they should be considered to be illustrative only (see Sect. 6.2). |
The mean elemental abundances of NGC 330 presented here are in very good agreement, within the errors, with those derived for NGC 346 in Paper IV. The O and Fe abundances in NGC 346 are 0.10 and 0.16 dex higher than those in NGC 330, but this is within the uncertainties and the excellent agreement between the magnesium and silicon abundances suggest it is insignificant.
Three of our targets have been analysed previously, NGC 330-002, NGC 330-004 and NGC 330-018. The former two were analysed by Lennon et al. (2003) using LTE model atmospheres and making some non-LTE corrections to the abundances. Their estimated effective temperatures are hotter in both cases, whilst the microturbulences are lower (see Table 8), these differences are mainly due to the different analysis techniques. In particular, they use oxygen lines to determine the microturbulence and flux distributions to determine the effective temperature. Nevertheless, the abundances are in good agreement. NGC 330-018 was analysed by Korn et al. and again, whilst quite different techniques and model atmospheres were applied, there is good agreement in the abundances.
Photospheric nitrogen abundances of B-type stars are known to be good tracers of their evolution due to the wide range of abundances that have been estimated from their spectra, as evident from Table 6. Whilst it is clear that nitrogen can be produced in the core of these stars via the CNO cycle, the mechanism for transferring this nitrogen enriched material to the surface is still under debate. In this section we will discuss the nitrogen abundances of these stars in terms of their evolution in an attempt to decipher the correlation of nitrogen with surface gravity and mass.
The targets from each field are shown on separate Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams (HRD) in Fig. 2, with the relative sizes of the symbols representing the degree of nitrogen in their atmospheres. The evolutionary tracks included are non-rotating tracks from Meynet et al. (1994) and Schaller et al. (1992) for the Milky Way clusters, and Schaerer et al. (1993) and Charbonnel et al. (1993) for NGC 2004 and NGC 330, respectively. Isochrones are also presented, but in the case of the Magellanic cloud HRD's they should be used for information only. The majority of the stars in these two sets of Magellanic Cloud FLAMES observations are expected to be field stars (the compactness of the clusters caused difficulties in putting fibres on objects close to their centre, see discussion in Paper II). On the contrary, amongst the Galactic objects only one star is thought to be a non-cluster member, this is NGC 4755-033 (see Paper III).
It is important to note that these are intermediate age clusters or in the case
of the Magellanic clouds, fields around such clusters and hence these objects
are relatively low mass and can only be compared to the similarly low mass stars
analysed in Paper IV. This can be seen in Fig. 2 where all but two
objects, NGC 4755-002 and NGC 2004-011, lie below or on the 20 solar mass track.
Meynet & Maeder (2000) and Maeder & Meynet (2001) have shown that mass-loss becomes an
important factor in the evolution of stars with initial solar masses greater
than 20 to 25 ,
particularly for the evolution of the surface
rotational velocities and angular momentum. We therefore exclude NGC 4755-002 and
NGC 2004-011 from most of the following discussions and assume that mass-loss
does not play an important role in the evolution of the surface nitrogen
abundances of these stars.
From Fig. 2, it is immediately clear that the more massive and evolved objects have the larger absolute nitrogen abundances. This has been discussed by Meynet & Maeder (2000), who showed that the surface nitrogen enrichments are more pronounced as the stellar mass is increased in their models. The HRDs of the Galactic clusters show that there is little variation in the nitrogen abundances of these objects, except for the three most massive and evolved objects in NGC 4755 (#002, #003, and #004).
In Fig. 3 the absolute nitrogen abundances are shown as a function
of the stellar surface gravity for each cluster, hence the main-sequence objects
are to the right of the plot at high surface gravities and tend towards the more
evolved objects at low values of .
The baseline nitrogen abundances of the
Galaxy, LMC and SMC are marked on these plots as adopted from H II region
analyses (see Paper IV and references therein). The Galactic nitrogen abundance
as estimated from H II regions is higher than the mean nitrogen abundances in
these clusters. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the majority of Galactic
objects have absolute nitrogen abundances below this baseline value. Omitting
the three low gravity objects with
[N/H] > 8.0 dex
(NGC 4755-002, -003, -004) the mean nitrogen abundance from the three clusters is
7.58 dex, whereas that from H II regions is approx 7.64 dex, which is consistent
within the errors of the analysis.
The NGC 2004 and NGC 330 objects span a very large range of nitrogen abundances, even if we exclude the supergiant objects. In NGC 2004 the luminosity class V-II objects span a range of nitrogen abundances from the baseline LMC abundance to approximately 7.65 dex, whilst similar objects in NGC 330 span a range from 6.75 dex (0.15 dex above baseline SMC abundances) to approx. 7.45 dex. We do not find many "normal'' N abundance objects in NGC 330 and indeed there is only one object (#47) with a nitrogen abundance in the range of 6.5 to 7 dex. However there are very few unevolved objects in our NGC 330 sample, as can be seen from Fig. 2.
In the right panel of Fig. 3 we compare our results with those from
Paper IV for the objects with masses less than 20 .
The LMC and
Galactic objects from the young clusters analysed in Paper IV and the relatively
older clusters studied here have the same range of abundances. In the SMC, the
young cluster NGC 346 has more objects than NGC 330 with abundances close to the
SMC baseline N abundance due to the larger sample of unevolved objects. The
range of abundances for the relatively unevolved objects in the Magellanic
clouds could be explained by the stellar sample having a range of initial
rotational velocities. Hence if rotation is the dominant factor in producing the
surface nitrogen enrichment one would expect a range in the nitrogen abundances.
However, as stated in Paper IV and reconfirmed here, at least for the Magellanic
Clouds, large nitrogen enrichment occurs for the stars close to the
zero-age main-sequence. Additionally the nitrogen excesses for the luminosity
class V-II objects in the Magellanic Clouds would results in an increase of a
factor of two or less for the baseline Galactic nitrogen abundance, which is
consistent with our results but indistinguishable from our uncertainties.
The majority of our supergiant or luminosity class I objects have higher surface
nitrogen enrichments than seen in the dwarf or giant objects. In Fig. 4
we present histograms of the nitrogen abundances, separating the targets from
each galaxy into a group of dwarfs and another of giants and supergiants. In the
left panels of Fig. 4 are histograms which only include the objects
analysed in this paper, it is clear from these that the more evolved objects
have higher nitrogen abundances. As the histograms for these intermediate aged
stars agree well with those presented in Paper IV for the younger objects in the
survey, we present histograms of the complete sample of low objects in
the right hand-side panel of Fig. 4. Whilst the giant/supergiant
samples have objects with a similar range of surface nitrogen abundances as the
dwarf objects, they also have a number of objects with higher nitrogen
abundances. These latter objects are normally the more luminous supergiants,
however not all the supergiants have highly nitrogen enriched atmospheres as a
number of the Ib supergiants have abundances similar to the giant and dwarf
objects (see Fig. 3). These low nitrogen abundances can again be
accounted for by the objects evolving from a population of stars with a range of
initial rotational velocities.
Our observations indicate that there are quite significant nitrogen enhancements
during the supergiant phase in all three galaxies. The SMC evolutionary models
from the Geneva group (Maeder & Meynet 2001; Meynet & Maeder 2000) show that between the end of the
main sequence and the red supergiant phase at (
) = 3.9, there is a
low level of nitrogen enrichment for 15-25
stars of approx 0.1 dex in
the SMC. Lower mass objects that go through even a partial blue-loop show more
significant nitrogen enrichments (see Fig. 16 of Maeder & Meynet 2001). However
these N excesses are not produced in the Galactic models for stars crossing the
HR diagram. Hence it is unclear if the unevolved Galactic objects exhibit
surface nitrogen enrichments or the scatter in their abundances is simply a
result of the uncertainties in the analysis.
In Paper IV two distinct populations of radial velocity variable objects were found, (1) a group of unevolved objects with normal nitrogen abundances and (2) a group of evolved objects with large surface nitrogen enrichments. In this work we have discovered a number of objects which also fall into these two categories, as can be seen in Fig. 3. The first group are conceivably binary objects with low initial rotational velocities and hence have small or negligible surface nitrogen enrichments. The small rotational velocities may arise from tidal locking with the orbital velocity of the system within the main-sequence lifetime of the primary, thus slowing down these objects (Zahn 1992; Huang & Gies 2006). There are two unevolved objects that don't fall into these categories, these are N11-075 and NGC 330-074 both of which have reasonably high nitrogen abundances. The second group of objects are all luminous objects, most of which have very small radial velocity variations of <5 km s-1. However further observations are required to determine if these objects are true binary systems. If these objects are in binary systems, the nitrogen excesses we are observing could suggest that they have gone through a mass-transfer process. That said, the nitrogen abundances are similar to other luminous objects for which we have not detected any radial velocity variations and may not necessarily be connected to binarity.
Effective temperature scales of OB-type stars as a function of spectral type are important for determining their properties, such as luminosities and the number of ionising photons. In turn, these stellar properties are crucial for many topics in astrophysics; for comparisons with stellar evolution models, determining cluster properties such as age and distance and for understanding the properties of ionising stars. Due to most of their flux being emitted in the far-UV, the effective temperatures of OB-type stars can only be determined using indirect techniques involving the complex modelling of their atmospheres. These sophisticated model atmospheres need to take into account non-LTE effects, line blanketing and in some cases stellar wind effects. In recent years several revisions have been made to O and B-type star temperature scales in particular due to the inclusion of line blanketing and non-LTE effects in the model atmospheres (Massey et al. 2005; Crowther et al. 2002,2006; Martins et al. 2002; Massey et al. 2004). These have revealed clear differences in the temperature scales depending on luminosity class and metallicity. In Paper III, the temperatures of 49 B-type stars in the spectral range of O9.5 to B2 were presented. The best sampled luminosity group in that work was the main sequence objects for which a clear difference in the temperature scales with metallicity was shown for the SMC and Galaxy, where the latter was cooler. Here we present the effective temperature scales based on the consistent analysis of 107 B-type stars studied in the Galaxy, LMC and SMC from the FLAMES dataset (60 from this paper and 47 from Paper IV, thus excluding O9 stars). In addition we have included nine supergiants from the work of Dufton et al. (2005), bringing the total to 116. Dufton et al. applied the same analysis techniques and so their results should be consistent with those presented here.
Firstly, the objects need to be separated into different luminosity classes. This is, in theory, easily done by adopting the luminosity classes assigned to the objects in Papers I and II based on the widths of the high order hydrogen Balmer lines. A small number of objects have atmospheric parameters that are inconsistent with their assigned classifications. This reflects the uncertainties of precise classification (e.g. with respect to rotation) and also the continuous nature of the physical gravities when compared to the discrete luminosity classes. For the purposes of investigating physical trends we have therefore reassigned some of the objects. Any luminosity class III objects with high gravities (>3.7) were grouped with the class V objects, whilst any luminosity class V stars with low surface gravities (<3.7) were grouped with the luminosity class III objects. The luminosity class II objects, as assigned in Papers I and II, were assigned to the luminosity class III or I scales depending on their surface gravity. Apart from the luminosity class II objects, this affected only 4 objects in the SMC: NGC 346-039, NGC 330-027, -042, -114, the former two having very high gravities for giants, and the latter two having too low gravities for dwarfs. In the LMC, 5 objects were affected; NGC 2004-014, -046, -064, -119 having higher gravities than those expected for a giant, whereas N11-037 has a lower gravity and was included with the supergiants.
![]() |
Figure 5: Temperature scales based on 107 B-type stars from the Flames Survey of 7 clusters; NGC 6611, NGC 3293, NGC 4755, N11, NGC 2004, NGC 346 and NGC 330. Also included are 9 SMC stars from Dufton et al. (2005). Comparison of the temperature scales as a function of luminosity class in the three galaxies a) Milky Way, b) LMC, c) SMC. The thin lines are fits to the mean at each spectral type for the B-type stars and the thick lines are fits to the O star data presented in Mokiem et al. (2006,2007). The different classes are identified by: V - open squares and solid line; III - filled triangles and dotted line; I - open circles and dashed line. |
![]() |
Figure 6: Temperature scales based on 107 B-type stars from the Flames Survey of 7 clusters; NGC 6611, NGC 3293, NGC 4755, N11, NGC 2004, NGC 346 and NGC 330. Also included are 9 SMC stars from Dufton et al. (2005). Comparison of the temperature scales as a function of metallicity for the three luminosity classes a) V, b) III and c) I objects. The thin lines are fits to the mean at each spectral type for the B-type stars and the thick line are fits to the O star data presented in Mokiem et al. (2006,2007). The open circles and solid lines, filled triangles and dotted lines and open squares and dashed lines represent the SMC, LMC and Milky Way, respectively. |
In Fig. 5 the effective temperatures of our sample are plotted as
a function of spectral type for the Galaxy, LMC and SMC, where the luminosity
classes are identified with different symbols. For the LMC and SMC, there is a
clear separation of temperature scales depending on the luminosity class of the
objects; the more luminous the object the cooler it is. From B0 to B2.5 the
effective temperatures of the dwarfs are higher than those of the giants by
2300-3000 K in the LMC and
3100-3700 K in the SMC, whereas the
supergiants are cooler than the giants by
550-3000 K in the LMC and
1600-2650 K in the SMC. For the Galactic sample there is insufficient
sampling of luminosity classes III or I to characterize this separation,
although the luminosity class V objects are clearly the hottest objects. The
fact that the more evolved giants and supergiants are progressively cooler than
the dwarfs is as expected since the former two classes are more evolved objects
with lower gravities and hence require lower temperatures to fit the silicon
ionisation equilibrium.
In the SMC and LMC plots we also show fits to the O-type star data, presented
in Mokiem et al. (2006,2007), for the different luminosity classes and which are
based on all the data in the O3-B0.2 range. The sample size only allows a good
fit to the dwarf and giant objects in the LMC and the dwarf objects in the SMC.
There appears to be good agreement (within 500-700 K) in the crossover region
from O to B-type stars (i.e. O9-B0.2) for the dwarf and giant
scales in
the LMC. However, in the SMC, the O star dwarf scale is approximately 1500 K
hotter than for the B-type star dwarf scale at B0 where the two scales cross.
Mokiem et al. (2006) have analysed two B0 stars with FASTWIND, the
of one
agreeing well with the mean of the four B0 objects analysed with TLUSTY, the
other however has a
of 34 400, 2300 K higher than derived with TLUSTY.
However, the error on the
estimation of this object is 2200 K. In
addition the slope of the fit to the mean of the O-type stars is affected by
the low
of two O4 stars, omitting these objects would make the agreement
at the crossover much better, and well within the uncertainties in the
estimations. Martins et al. (2005) have produced observational effective
temperature scales for Galactic O-type stars and their O9.5 dwarf point on the
observational scale appears to be in good agreement, as it is 1200 K hotter
than the B0 point on our scale.
In Fig. 6 the
scale from each luminosity class is considered
as a function of metallicity. In the case of the dwarf objects the SMC stars are
substantially hotter than the Galactic stars (
1300 at B0 to 4000 K at B2),
as expected due to the increased line blanketing in the more metal rich Galactic
objects. Surprisingly, there is no apparent metallicity dependence on the
between the SMC and LMC objects, with all luminosity classes showing a close
agreement between the LMC and SMC objects. The largest difference is in the dwarf
objects where the SMC stars are hotter by
800 K at B0 to 100 K at B2.
The analysis in this paper and Paper IV has provided an unprecedented, large and consistent set of atmospheric parameters based on non-LTE and line-blanketed model atmospheres. As such it is important to provide an up-to-date calibration of effective temperatures with spectral type. Using the linear fits to the mean at each spectral type we present the results in Table 10. This table is based on 116 objects analysed between B0-B8 in this paper, Paper IV and Dufton et al. (2005). Whilst we have chosen to present the LMC and SMC scales separately the reader should note the close agreement between these, particularly in the case of the luminosity class III and I objects.
Milky Way | LMC | SMC | |||||
Sp. Typ. | V | I | III | V | I | III | V |
B0 | 30 650 | 28 550 | 29 100 | 31 400 | 27 200 | 32 000 | |
B0.2 | [29 050] | [26 950] | [27 850] | 30 250 | [25 750] | 30 800 | |
B0.5 | 27 500 | 25 350 | [26 650] | 29 100 | [24 300] | 29 650 | |
B0.7 | [25 900] | 23 750 | [25 400] | [27 950] | [22 850] | 25 300 | 28 450 |
B1 | 24 300 | 22 150 | 24 150 | 26 800 | 22 350 | 23 950 | 27 300 |
B1.5 | 22 700 | 20 550 | 22 950 | 25 700 | 20 650 | [22 550] | [26 100] |
B2 | 22 100 | 18 950 | 21 700 | 24 550 | 18 950 | 21 200 | 24 950 |
B2.5 | 19 550 | 17 350 | 20 450 | 23 400 | 17 200 | 19 850 | |
B3 | 17 950 | 15 750 | 19 250 | 15 500 | 18 450 | ||
B5 | 14 150 | 13 800 | |||||
B8 | 12 550 |
In this paper we have completed a spectral analysis of 61 B-type stars, located in four fields; two centered on the Galactic clusters, NGC 3293 and NGC 4755, in the Carina arm, one centered on NGC 2004 in the Large Magellanic cloud and the fourth centered on NGC 330 in the Small Magellanic cloud. We have presented both their atmospheric parameters and abundances (C, N, O, Mg, Si) estimated using non-LTE line-blanketed TLUSTY model atmospheres. In addition we have calculated the LTE iron abundances for these objects plus 17 objects from Paper IV located in three fields toward the younger clusters observed within the FLAMES project for massive stars; NGC 6611, N11, NGC 346. In Paper IV we presented the present day chemical composition of the LMC and SMC, these results are verified here and can now be extended to include the Fe abundances for these galaxies. In the LMC we derive an Fe abundance of 7.23 dex, and in the SMC 6.93 dex, this can be compared with that derived from the Galactic B-type stars, 7.53 dex, suggesting that the LMC is a factor of 2 less abundant than the Galaxy and the SMC is a factor of factor of 4 less abundant.
We have studied the nitrogen abundances of the 107 low B-type stars
within the FLAMES survey of massive stars, and discussed them in terms of their
evolution. We have observed a large range of nitrogen abundances in the LMC and
SMC main-sequence objects which is likely to reflect the range of rotational
velocities, and hence rotational-mixing, initially present in these stars. Whilst
mass-loss may play some role in the evolution of these stars, the stars
considered in this work have masses less than 20
masses and it is
unlikely that it has a dominant role in altering their surface abundances. This
is not the case for higher mass objects considered in Paper IV. The large
spread of nitrogen abundances seen in the LMC and SMC main-sequence objects
does not seem to be present in the Galactic objects but if we assume that these
Galactic stars should undergo the same degree of enrichment as the LMC and SMC,
a simple calculation shows that this would amount to only a factor of two or 0.30 dex enhancement of nitrogen in the Galaxy. This is similar to our degree of
uncertainty so it is unclear if we are observing the scatter due to our
uncertainties or the range of rotational velocities of this population of
stars. The supergiants in the sample are significantly more enriched than their
main-sequence counterparts, and hence there must be some method of enhancing the
photospheric nitrogen abundance as the star evolves off the main-sequence and
across the HRD. Models of single stars in the SMC (Maeder & Meynet 2001; Meynet & Maeder 2000), do not
predict such large degrees of nitrogen enrichments and would require more
efficient mixing mechanisms to match these observations.
Two populations of binary objects were identified in Paper IV and in this paper we have detected additional objects belonging to these groups; (1) unevolved, "normal'' nitrogen stars (2) evolved, nitrogen-rich stars. The former group have significant radial velocity variations, whilst the evolved objects have very small shifts which require verification by observations over multiple epochs. Binary evolution can be invoked to explain these two groups of objects using tidal locking to the orbital velocity to suppress nitrogen excesses in the first group, and mass-transfer to enhance the nitrogen in the more evolved objects, although the abundances observed in these objects are similar to those in the supposedly single stars. Clearly further observations of these objects are required to disentangle the binary objects from the single stars and to study the evolution of nitrogen abundances in these populations separately.
The results presented here and in Paper IV provide a consistent analysis of a large sample of Galactic objects, as well as the largest sample of Magellanic Cloud B-type stars studied to date. As a result, we have constructed effective temperature scales as a function of spectral type for B-type stars from B0 down to B8, for each of the galaxies and have shown that they are consistent with effective temperatures from O-type stars. In each of the three metallicity environments we have detected a dependency on luminosity, where the most luminous objects are the coolest. Due to the lower metallicity of the Magellanic Clouds and hence the expected reduction in line-blanketing, one would expect to detect higher temperatures with decreasing metallicity. Whilst we do see that the Galactic dwarf objects are cooler than the Magellanic cloud objects, we do not detect a significant difference in the temperature scales of the SMC and LMC supergiants and giants and the less luminous dwarf objects in the two clouds differ at the most by 600 K. We therefore present the effective temperature calibration of dwarf B-type stars in the Galaxy, LMC and SMC and giant and supergiant calibrations for LMC and SMC objects with the caveat that the latter are very similar.
This work has focused on the low population of B-type stars in 7 fields in 3 distinct metallicity environments. However we require knowledge of their
high
counterparts to get a complete picture of the evolution of their
surface abundances in terms of their rotational velocities. We also require
additional knowledge on whether or not these objects are binary or single stars,
to unravel the evolution of these two distinct groups of stars. Future work will
focus on these points, to place better constraints on the evolution of massive
stars.
Acknowledgements
C.T. would like to thank A. Hibbert, N. Pryzbilla, M. F. Nieva and J. Eldridge for their insightful discussions on this work. We also acknowledge financial support from the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC). This work, conducted as part of the award "Understanding the lives of massive stars from birth to supernovae'' (S. J. Smartt) made under the European Heads of Research Councils and European Science Foundation EURYI (European Young Investigator) Awards scheme, was supported by funds from the Participating Organisations of EURYI and the EC Sixth Framework Programme. S.J.S. also thanks the Leverhulme Trust for funding. We are also grateful to the referee, Dr. P. Bonifacio, for his constructive comments on this work.
NGC 4755-005: Revisiting this spectrum we noticed weak absorption
features from Si IV 4116/4089 Å and He II 4686 Å, that are inconsistent
with the B2 II classification from Paper I. These lines are blue-shifted from
their rest wavelengths by 5 km s-1, whereas the majority of the absorption lines
in the spectrum are red-shifted by 40 km s-1. In addition, the metal lines are quite
asymmetric and broad. Contrary to the statement in Paper I, this star appears to
be a double-lined spectroscopic binary.
NGC 4755-011: This object is also a possible double-lined
spectroscopic binary. There are clear signs of double features in the Si III multiplet at 4560 Å and the Mg II line at 4481 Å is highly asymmetric.
Star | Sp. Typ | C II | N II | O II | Mg II | Si II | Si III | Si IV | Fe III | |||
NGC 3293-003 | B1 III | 7.83 | 7.51 ![]() |
(5) | 8.66 ![]() |
(27) | 7.30 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
7.27 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 3293-004 | B1 III | 7.89 | 7.55 ![]() |
(5) | 8.74 ![]() |
(21) | 7.44 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
|||
NGC 3293-007 | B1 III | 7.86 | 7.50 ![]() |
(4) | 8.67 ![]() |
(28) | 7.25 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
7.36 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
(2) |
NGC 3293-010 | B1 III | 7.66 | 7.46 ![]() |
(6) | 8.88 ![]() |
(28) | 7.17 ![]() |
6.86 ![]() |
7.60 ![]() |
7.63 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
(1) |
NGC 3293-012 | B1 III | 7.67 | 7.50 ![]() |
(4) | 8.96 ![]() |
(25) | 7.28 ![]() |
7.66 ![]() |
7.69 ![]() |
|||
NGC 3293-018 | B1 V | 7.67 | 7.61 ![]() |
(5) | 8.84 ![]() |
(27) | 7.20 ![]() |
6.87 ![]() |
7.71 ![]() |
7.70 ![]() |
7.68 ![]() |
(2) |
NGC 3293-026 | B2 III | 7.81 | 7.78 ![]() |
(4) | 8.96 ![]() |
(30) | 7.29 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
7.76 ![]() |
7.80 ![]() |
7.66 ![]() |
(2) |
NGC 3293-043 | B3 V | 7.91 | 7.55 ![]() |
(7) | 8.50 ![]() |
(19) | 7.14 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 4755-002 | B3 Ia | 7.84 | 8.16 ![]() |
(7) | 8.57 ![]() |
(26) | 7.28 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.37 ![]() |
7.53 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 4755-003 | B2 III | 7.74 | 8.09 ![]() |
(7) | 8.50 ![]() |
(27) | 7.27 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
7.46 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 4755-004 | B1.5 Ib | 7.73 | 8.06 ![]() |
(7) | 8.65 ![]() |
(31) | 7.25 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
7.37 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
7.37 ![]() |
(1) |
NGC 4755-006 | B1 III | 7.64 | 7.76 ![]() |
(4) | 9.16 ![]() |
(24) | 7.18 ![]() |
7.76 ![]() |
7.78 ![]() |
|||
NGC 4755-015 | B1 V | 7.66 | 7.98 ![]() |
(5) | 9.07 ![]() |
(30) | 7.16 ![]() |
7.83 ![]() |
7.84 ![]() |
7.72 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 4755-017 | B1.5 V | 7.83 | 7.63 ![]() |
(4) | 8.57 ![]() |
(14) | 7.19 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
|||
NGC 4755-020 | B2 V | 7.95 | 7.61 ![]() |
(6) | 8.42 ![]() |
(29) | 7.34 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.83 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 4755-033 | B3 V | 7.92 | 7.28 ![]() |
(2) | 8.41 ![]() |
( 3) | 7.02 ![]() |
7.06 ![]() |
7.05 ![]() |
|||
NGC 4755-040 | B2.5 V | 8.45 | 7.87 ![]() |
(2) | 9.19 ![]() |
( 3) | 7.28 ![]() |
7.71 ![]() |
7.70 ![]() |
|||
NGC 4755-048 | B3 V | 8.15 | 7.32 ![]() |
(2) | 8.81 ![]() |
( 4) | 7.03 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
|||
NGC 2004-003 | B5 Ia | 7.68 | 7.86 ![]() |
(7) | 8.46 ![]() |
(20) | 7.04 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-005 | B8 Ia | 7.50 | 7.67 ![]() |
(5) | 8.56 ![]() |
( 4) | 6.78 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
7.13 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-007 | B8 Ia | 7.36 | 7.47 ![]() |
(2) | 8.46 ![]() |
( 3) | 6.67 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-010 | B2.5 Iab | 7.50 | 8.13 ![]() |
(7) | 8.29 ![]() |
(27) | 7.06 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-011 | B1.5 Ia | 7.45 | 7.72 ![]() |
(7) | 8.39 ![]() |
(30) | 7.15 ![]() |
7.13 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-012 | B1.5 Iab | 7.44 | 7.75 ![]() |
(7) | 8.43 ![]() |
(31) | 7.08 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.12 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-014 | B3 Ib | 7.52 | 7.51 ![]() |
(7) | 8.22 ![]() |
(23) | 6.96 ![]() |
7.09 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-021 | B1.5 Ib | 7.56 | 7.20 ![]() |
(6) | 8.53 ![]() |
(29) | 7.09 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-022 | B1.5 Ib | 7.31 | 7.70 ![]() |
(7) | 8.59 ![]() |
(32) | 6.94 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.00 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 2004-026 | B2 II | 7.51 | 7.02 ![]() |
(4) | 8.19 ![]() |
(30) | 7.03 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-029 | B1.5 e | 7.43 | 6.81 ![]() |
(4) | 8.29 ![]() |
(30) | 7.03 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
(2) | |
NGC 2004-036 | B1.5 III | 7.46 | 7.43 ![]() |
(6) | 8.72 ![]() |
(28) | 6.88 ![]() |
7.57 ![]() |
7.59 ![]() |
7.32 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 2004-042 | B2.5 III | 7.62 | 6.89 ![]() |
(2) | 8.14 ![]() |
(16) | 7.09 ![]() |
7.11 ![]() |
7.11 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 2004-046 | B1.5 III | 7.54 | 7.62 ![]() |
(6) | 8.53 ![]() |
(30) | 7.05 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
|||
NGC 2004-053 | B0.2 Ve | 7.93 | 7.73 ![]() |
(3) | 8.51 ![]() |
(28) | 7.31 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
|||
NGC 2004-061 | B2 III | 7.78 | 7.00 ![]() |
(3) | 8.32 ![]() |
(16) | 7.20 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.27 ![]() |
7.53 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 2004-064 | B2 III | 7.50 | 7.56 ![]() |
(5) | 8.50 ![]() |
(29) | 7.12 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.47 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-070 | B0.7-B1 III | 7.59 | 7.48 ![]() |
(4) | 8.73 ![]() |
(21) | 7.23 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.60 ![]() |
7.61 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-084 | B0.7-B1 III | 7.64 | 7.28 ![]() |
(4) | 8.57 ![]() |
(26) | 7.22 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.56 ![]() |
7.57 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-090 | O9.5 III | 7.53 | 7.54 ![]() |
(3) | 8.32 ![]() |
(24) | 6.91 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
6.93 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-091 | B1.5 III | 7.80 | 7.28 ![]() |
(5) | 8.34 ![]() |
(27) | 7.26 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-108 | B2.5 III | 7.29 | 6.89 ![]() |
(3) | 8.23 ![]() |
(28) | 6.99 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
(1) |
NGC 2004-119 | B2 III | 7.48 | 6.95 ![]() |
(3) | 8.35 ![]() |
(29) | 7.17 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
0.00 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
(1) |
NGC 330-002 | B3 Ib | 7.08 | 7.58 ![]() |
(8) | 7.99 ![]() |
(14) | 6.55 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.78 ![]() |
6.70 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 330-003 | B2 Ib | 7.28 | 7.74 ![]() |
(8) | 8.11 ![]() |
(24) | 6.82 ![]() |
6.89 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 330-004 | B2.5 Ib | 6.84 | 7.83 ![]() |
(8) | 7.86 ![]() |
(15) | 6.73 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 330-005 | B5 Ib | 6.77 | 7.49 ![]() |
(4) | 7.82 ![]() |
( 2) | 6.58 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-009 | B5 Ib | 6.99 | 7.14 ![]() |
(2) | 8.19 ![]() |
( 3) | 6.57 ![]() |
6.61 ![]() |
6.65 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-010 | B5 Ib | 7.07 | 7.05 ![]() |
(2) | 7.62 ![]() |
( 3) | 6.52 ![]() |
6.57 ![]() |
6.65 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-014 | B1.5 Ib | 6.93 | 7.56 ![]() |
(7) | 8.18 ![]() |
(20) | 6.72 ![]() |
6.96 ![]() |
6.96 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-016 | B5: II | 7.24 | 7.08 ![]() |
(1) | 7.97 ![]() |
( 2) | 6.57 ![]() |
6.55 ![]() |
6.61 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-017 | B2 II | 7.07 | 7.12 ![]() |
(8) | 7.64 ![]() |
(24) | 6.47 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
(1) | ||
NGC 330-018 | B3 II | 7.17 | 7.24 ![]() |
(3) | 8.05 ![]() |
( 7) | 6.61 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
(1) | |
NGC 330-020 | B3 II | 7.14 | 7.15 ![]() |
(2) | 7.99 ![]() |
( 4) | 6.73 ![]() |
7.05 ![]() |
7.11 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-022 | B3 II | 7.10 | 7.27 ![]() |
(8) | 7.76 ![]() |
( 8) | 6.64 ![]() |
6.53 ![]() |
6.58 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-026 | B2.5 II | 7.30 | 7.23 ![]() |
(3) | 7.74 ![]() |
( 6) | 7.02 ![]() |
6.64 ![]() |
||||
NGC 330-027 | B1 V | 7.13 | 7.45 ![]() |
(2) | 8.33 ![]() |
( 8) | 6.44 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-032 | B0.5 V | 7.16 | 7.37 ![]() |
(3) | 7.90 ![]() |
(22) | 6.80 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-042 | B2 II | 7.06 | 7.20 ![]() |
(7) | 7.69 ![]() |
(19) | 6.86 ![]() |
6.67 ![]() |
6.66 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-047 | B1 V | 7.20 | 6.76 ![]() |
(2) | 8.07 ![]() |
(24) | 6.57 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-074 | B0 V | 7.29 | 7.52 ![]() |
(2) | 7.93 ![]() |
( 7) | 6.83 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
6.95 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-114 | B2 III | 7.24 | 7.34 ![]() |
(3) | 8.02 ![]() |
(18) | 6.99 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
||||
NGC 330-124 | B0.2 V | 7.57 | 7.41 ![]() |
(1) | 7.81 ![]() |
( 3) | 6.78 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
Star | Sp. Typ | ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
C II | N II | O II | Mg II | Si II | Si III | Si IV | Fe III |
NGC 3293-003 | B1 III | 13 | 15 | 7.87 | 7.53 ![]() |
8.72 ![]() |
7.33 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
|
NGC 3293-004 | B1 III | 13 | 13 | 7.89 | 7.55 ![]() |
8.74 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
||
NGC 3293-007 | B1 III | 11 | 12 | 7.88 | 7.51 ![]() |
8.70 ![]() |
7.27 ![]() |
7.36 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
NGC 3293-010 | B1 III | 11 | 10 | 7.65 | 7.45 ![]() |
8.84 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
6.86 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
7.58 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
NGC 3293-012 | B1 III | 11 | 10 | 7.65 | 7.49 ![]() |
8.92 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.58 ![]() |
7.64 ![]() |
||
NGC 3293-018 | B1 V | 5 | 3 | 7.64 | 7.56 ![]() |
8.74 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
7.58 ![]() |
7.68 ![]() |
NGC 3293-026 | B2 III | 2 | <0 | 7.75 | 7.70 ![]() |
8.85 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
7.54 ![]() |
7.67 ![]() |
7.66 ![]() |
NGC 3293-043 | B3 V | <0 | <0 | 7.91 | 7.55 ![]() |
8.50 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.51 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-002 | B3 Ia | 18 | 19 | 7.87 | 8.18 ![]() |
8.59 ![]() |
7.30 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.40 ![]() |
7.54 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-003 | B2 III | 15 | 17 | 7.79 | 8.14 ![]() |
8.54 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.48 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-004 | B1.5 Ib | 17 | 18 | 7.75 | 8.08 ![]() |
8.67 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
7.42 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
NGC 4755-006 | B1 III | 21 | 14 | 7.54 | 7.67 ![]() |
8.95 ![]() |
7.07 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
7.55 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-015 | B1 V | 6 | 2 | 7.58 | 7.80 ![]() |
8.85 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
7.43 ![]() |
7.60 ![]() |
7.56 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-017 | B1.5 V | 3 | 6 | 7.92 | 7.72 ![]() |
8.68 ![]() |
7.33 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-020 | B2 V | 1 | 3 | 8.02 | 7.67 ![]() |
8.49 ![]() |
7.45 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
7.37 ![]() |
7.83 ![]() |
|
NGC 4755-033 | B3 V | 2 | 10 | 8.19 | 7.39 ![]() |
8.63 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
8.00 ![]() |
7.39 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-040 | B2.5 V | 5 | <0 | 8.28 | 7.72 ![]() |
9.02 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
7.03 ![]() |
7.41 ![]() |
||
NGC 4755-048 | B3 V | 2 | 6 | 8.29 | 7.39 ![]() |
8.93 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.74 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-003 | B5 Ia | 15 | 14 | 7.66 | 7.85 ![]() |
8.45 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-005 | B8 Ia | 9 | 24 | 7.79 | 7.82 ![]() |
8.78 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.49 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-007 | B8 Ia | 6 | 29 | 7.74 | 7.75 ![]() |
8.74 ![]() |
7.37 ![]() |
8.02 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.10 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-010 | B2.5 Iab | 14 | 16 | 7.53 | 8.18 ![]() |
8.32 ![]() |
7.10 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-011 | B1.5 Ia | 13 | 14 | 7.46 | 7.73 ![]() |
8.41 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-012 | B1.5 Iab | 12 | 12 | 7.44 | 7.75 ![]() |
8.43 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.12 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-014 | B3 Ib | 11 | 14 | 7.58 | 7.54 ![]() |
8.26 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
7.16 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-021 | B1.5 Ib | 13 | 12 | 7.55 | 7.20 ![]() |
8.50 ![]() |
7.08 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.28 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-022 | B1.5 Ib | 11 | 10 | 7.31 | 7.68 ![]() |
8.56 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.00 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-026 | B2 II | 0 | 1 | 7.52 | 7.02 ![]() |
8.22 ![]() |
7.07 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-029 | B1.5 e | 1 | 1 | 7.43 | 6.81 ![]() |
8.29 ![]() |
7.03 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-036 | B1.5 III | 8 | 5 | 7.42 | 7.38 ![]() |
8.57 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
7.22 ![]() |
7.38 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-042 | B2.5 III | 2 | 3 | 7.64 | 6.91 ![]() |
8.17 ![]() |
7.13 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.21 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-046 | B1.5 III | 2 | <0 | 7.50 | 7.57 ![]() |
8.43 ![]() |
7.01 ![]() |
7.20 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-053 | B0.2 Ve | 7 | 3 | 7.89 | 7.70 ![]() |
8.44 ![]() |
7.25 ![]() |
7.23 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-061 | B2 III | 1 | <0 | 7.75 | 6.98 ![]() |
8.28 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.18 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.44 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-064 | B2 III | 6 | 3 | 7.48 | 7.51 ![]() |
8.37 ![]() |
7.06 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-070 | B0.7-B1 III | 4 | <0 | 7.56 | 7.42 ![]() |
8.51 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.19 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-084 | B0.7-B1 III | 3 | <0 | 7.61 | 7.26 ![]() |
8.43 ![]() |
7.15 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
7.31 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-090 | O9.5 III | <0 | 3 | 7.54 | 7.57 ![]() |
8.36 ![]() |
6.94 ![]() |
7.05 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-091 | B1.5 III | 0 | 1 | 7.81 | 7.29 ![]() |
8.38 ![]() |
7.29 ![]() |
7.26 ![]() |
7.24 ![]() |
||
NGC 2004-108 | B2.5 III | <0 | <0 | 7.29 | 6.89 ![]() |
8.23 ![]() |
6.99 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
6.98 ![]() |
7.35 ![]() |
|
NGC 2004-119 | B2 III | <0 | <0 | 7.48 | 6.95 ![]() |
8.35 ![]() |
7.17 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
7.34 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-002 | B3 Ib | 18 | 20 | 7.09 | 7.60 ![]() |
8.00 ![]() |
6.57 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.70 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-003 | B2 Ib | 19 | 15 | 7.25 | 7.69 ![]() |
8.07 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
6.85 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.88 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-004 | B2.5 Ib | 16 | 16 | 6.84 | 7.83 ![]() |
7.86 ![]() |
6.73 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-005 | B5 Ib | 8 | 8 | 6.77 | 7.49 ![]() |
7.82 ![]() |
6.58 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-009 | B5 Ib | 6 | 10 | 7.04 | 7.18 ![]() |
8.27 ![]() |
6.67 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.78 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-010 | B5 Ib | 4 | 9 | 7.15 | 7.11 ![]() |
7.69 ![]() |
6.64 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-014 | B1.5 Ib | 19 | 15 | 6.93 | 7.53 ![]() |
8.12 ![]() |
6.70 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.89 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-016 | B5: II | 4 | 10 | 7.36 | 7.17 ![]() |
8.06 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
6.91 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-017 | B2 II | <0 | <0 | 7.07 | 7.12 ![]() |
7.64 ![]() |
6.47 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.90 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-018 | B3 II | 5 | 5 | 7.17 | 7.24 ![]() |
8.05 ![]() |
6.61 ![]() |
6.74 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
7.14 ![]() |
|
NGC 330-020 | B3 II | 8 | 2 | 7.06 | 7.06 ![]() |
7.87 ![]() |
6.55 ![]() |
6.66 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-022 | B3 II | 3 | 7 | 7.13 | 7.33 ![]() |
7.84 ![]() |
6.73 ![]() |
6.66 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-026 | B2.5 II | <0 | <0 | 7.30 | 7.23 ![]() |
7.74 ![]() |
7.02 ![]() |
6.64 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-027 | B1 V | 7 | 6 | 7.13 | 7.40 ![]() |
8.28 ![]() |
6.44 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-032 | B0.5 V | <0 | <0 | 7.16 | 7.37 ![]() |
7.90 ![]() |
6.80 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
6.77 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-042 | B2 II | 1 | 3 | 7.06 | 7.22 ![]() |
7.73 ![]() |
6.89 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.76 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-047 | B1 V | 0 | 0 | 7.20 | 6.76 ![]() |
8.07 ![]() |
6.57 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
6.84 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-074 | B0 V | 6 | 2 | 7.31 | 7.49 ![]() |
7.88 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.81 ![]() |
6.62 ![]() |
||
NGC 330-114 | B2 III | 4 | 3 | 7.23 | 7.32 ![]() |
8.00 ![]() |
6.97 ![]() |
6.83 ![]() |
|||
NGC 330-124 | B0.2 V | 3 | <0 | 7.57 | 7.37 ![]() |
7.76 ![]() |
6.75 ![]() |
6.82 ![]() |
6.73 ![]() |
ID | Fe III 4419 Å | Fe III 4431 Å | |||
EW (mÅ) | Abund. | EW (mÅ) | Abund | [Fe/H] | |
NGC 6611-030 | 24 | 7.55 | 19 | 7.69 | 7.62 ![]() |
N11-001 | 92 | 7.59 | 34 | 7.30 | 7.45 ![]() |
N11-002 | 55 | 7.27 | 41 | 7.41 | 7.34 ![]() |
N11-009 | 38 | 7.20 | 26 | 7.29 | 7.24 ![]() |
N11-012 | 42 | 7.20 | 14 | 7.00 | 7.10 ![]() |
N11-014 | 52 | 7.25 | 28 | 7.22 | 7.23 ![]() |
N11-015 | 23 | 7.21 | 7.21 ![]() |
||
N11-016 | 44 | 7.26 | 7.26 ![]() |
||
N11-017 | 47 | 7.21 | 26 | 7.20 | 7.20 ![]() |
N11-024 | 36 | 7.15 | 16 | 7.07 | 7.11 ![]() |
N11-036 | 23 | 7.17 | 7.17 ![]() |
||
N11-110 | 27 | 7.17 | 12 | 7.08 | 7.12 ![]() |
NGC 346-021 | 17 | 7.14 | 7.14 ![]() |
||
NGC 346-037 | 11 | 6.83 | 6.83 ![]() |
||
NGC 346-039 | 10 | 6.94 | 6.94 ![]() |
||
NGC 346-044 | 18 | 6.99 | 6.99 ![]() |
NGC 3293-003 | NGC 3293-004 | NGC 3293-007 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 146 | 8.03 | 8.07 | 8.03 | 110 | 8.03 | 8.04 | 8.03 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 237 | 7.83 | 7.87 | 7.84 | 214 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 200 | 7.86 | 7.88 | 7.86 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 27 | 7.57 | 7.57 | 7.56 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 127 | 7.39 | 7.43 | 7.41 | 115 | 7.39 | 7.39 | 7.39 | 123 | 7.47 | 7.49 | 7.48 |
N II | 4447.03 | 65 | 7.51 | 7.52 | 7.52 | 78 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 59 | 7.49 | 7.49 | 7.49 |
N II | 4601.48 | 68 | 7.63 | 7.65 | 7.64 | 69 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 7.71 | ||||
N II | 4613.86 | 37 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 35 | 7.58 | 7.58 | 7.58 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 115 | 7.49 | 7.51 | 7.50 | 94 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 101 | 7.49 | 7.50 | 7.49 |
N II | 4643.08 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 94 | 8.42 | 8.45 | 8.48 | 140 | 8.66 | 8.68 | 8.69 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | 78 | 8.51 | 8.54 | 8.56 | 105 | 8.67 | 8.67 | 8.67 | 92 | 8.58 | 8.60 | 8.61 |
O II | 3954.36 | 118 | 8.45 | 8.50 | 8.53 | 151 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 121 | 8.44 | 8.46 | 8.48 |
O II | 3982.71 | 106 | 8.70 | 8.74 | 8.77 | 89 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.58 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 242 | 8.62 | 8.69 | 8.73 | 361 | 9.12 | 9.12 | 9.12 | 271 | 8.72 | 8.76 | 8.78 |
O II | 4072.15 | 209 | 8.65 | 8.77 | 8.81 | 208 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 220 | 8.74 | 8.82 | 8.83 |
O II | 4075.86 | 261 | 8.74 | 8.88 | 8.93 | 313 | 9.03 | 9.03 | 9.03 | 243 | 8.68 | 8.76 | 8.78 |
O II | 4078.84 | 58 | 8.45 | 8.49 | 8.51 | 55 | 8.36 | 8.38 | 8.38 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | 89 | 8.54 | 8.54 | 8.54 | 87 | 8.54 | 8.55 | 8.56 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 41 | 8.89 | 8.92 | 8.93 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 182 | 8.91 | 9.00 | 9.04 | 188 | 8.91 | 8.91 | 8.91 | 176 | 8.88 | 8.93 | 8.94 |
O II | 4319.63 | 178 | 8.88 | 8.97 | 9.01 | 189 | 8.92 | 8.92 | 8.92 | 184 | 8.93 | 8.98 | 9.00 |
O II | 4325.76 | 39 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.59 | 64 | 8.81 | 8.83 | 8.84 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 180 | 8.81 | 8.89 | 8.93 | 222 | 9.01 | 9.01 | 9.01 | 191 | 8.87 | 8.93 | 8.94 |
O II | 4369.27 | 30 | 8.39 | 8.40 | 8.42 | 40 | 8.47 | 8.48 | 8.49 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 72 | 8.71 | 8.73 | 8.76 | 67 | 8.59 | 8.59 | 8.59 | 70 | 8.62 | 8.63 | 8.64 |
O II | 4414.90 | 267 | 8.77 | 8.87 | 8.92 | 274 | 8.77 | 8.77 | 8.77 | 253 | 8.71 | 8.76 | 8.78 |
O II | 4416.98 | 194 | 8.69 | 8.77 | 8.81 | 196 | 8.66 | 8.66 | 8.66 | 190 | 8.66 | 8.70 | 8.71 |
O II | 4452.38 | 81 | 8.77 | 8.81 | 8.83 | 79 | 8.70 | 8.70 | 8.70 | 82 | 8.74 | 8.75 | 8.76 |
O II | 4590.97 | 179 | 8.63 | 8.71 | 8.75 | 201 | 8.68 | 8.68 | 8.68 | 186 | 8.63 | 8.67 | 8.69 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 148 | 8.57 | 8.63 | 8.67 | 173 | 8.64 | 8.64 | 8.64 | 161 | 8.59 | 8.62 | 8.64 |
O II | 4638.86 | 195 | 8.83 | 8.90 | 8.94 | 206 | 8.83 | 8.83 | 8.83 | 193 | 8.79 | 8.84 | 8.85 |
O II | 4641.81 | 395 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 9.21 | 296 | 8.82 | 8.89 | 8.90 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 206 | 8.80 | 8.87 | 8.91 | 233 | 8.88 | 8.88 | 8.88 | 206 | 8.78 | 8.82 | 8.83 |
O II | 4673.73 | 57 | 8.77 | 8.79 | 8.81 | 65 | 8.80 | 8.81 | 8.82 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 195 | 8.88 | 8.95 | 8.99 | 138 | 8.54 | 8.57 | 8.58 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 105 | 8.32 | 8.35 | 8.38 | 97 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 135 | 8.41 | 8.43 | 8.44 |
O II | 4705.35 | 120 | 8.41 | 8.46 | 8.50 | 134 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 148 | 8.51 | 8.54 | 8.55 |
O II | 4710.00 | 49 | 8.73 | 8.76 | 8.79 | 40 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 61 | 8.80 | 8.82 | 8.83 |
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 191 | 7.30 | 7.33 | 7.29 | 198 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 152 | 7.25 | 7.27 | 7.26 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 24 | 7.42 | 7.43 | 7.39 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 27 | 7.28 | 7.29 | 7.25 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 393 | 7.31 | 7.49 | 7.53 | 390 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 350 | 7.33 | 7.43 | 7.44 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 321 | 7.30 | 7.44 | 7.48 | 330 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 300 | 7.38 | 7.47 | 7.48 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 199 | 7.33 | 7.41 | 7.44 | 206 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 184 | 7.36 | 7.40 | 7.41 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 91 | 7.30 | 7.39 | 7.49 | 121 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 110 | 7.34 | 7.40 | 7.44 |
Fe III | 4419.60 | 52 | 7.27 | 7.29 | 7.27 | 33 | 7.23 | 7.23 | 7.22 | ||||
Fe III | 4431.02 | 20 | 7.28 | 7.28 | 7.27 |
NGC 3293-010 | NGC 3293-012 | NGC 3293-018 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 97 | 7.71 | 7.70 | 7.71 | 72 | 7.80 | 7.74 | 7.77 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 194 | 7.66 | 7.65 | 7.66 | 201 | 7.67 | 7.65 | 7.67 | 155 | 7.67 | 7.64 | 7.66 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 27 | 7.52 | 7.51 | 7.51 | 22 | 7.58 | 7.56 | 7.57 | ||||
N II | 3995.00 | 116 | 7.40 | 7.38 | 7.37 | 94 | 7.27 | 7.26 | 7.23 | 94 | 7.55 | 7.47 | 7.47 |
N II | 4447.03 | 49 | 7.36 | 7.35 | 7.34 | 50 | 7.54 | 7.50 | 7.50 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | 39 | 7.38 | 7.38 | 7.37 | 40 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 7.40 | ||||
N II | 4613.86 | 46 | 7.69 | 7.68 | 7.67 | 47 | 7.75 | 7.74 | 7.71 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 95 | 7.44 | 7.43 | 7.42 | 101 | 7.54 | 7.52 | 7.48 | 83 | 7.66 | 7.58 | 7.58 |
N II | 4643.08 | 51 | 7.73 | 7.69 | 7.69 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 124 | 8.83 | 8.80 | 8.78 | 103 | 8.76 | 8.73 | 8.66 | 94 | 8.82 | 8.75 | 8.72 |
O II | 3945.04 | 77 | 8.69 | 8.67 | 8.65 | 88 | 8.89 | 8.86 | 8.80 | 55 | 8.67 | 8.61 | 8.58 |
O II | 3954.36 | 90 | 8.48 | 8.45 | 8.43 | 99 | 8.66 | 8.63 | 8.56 | 82 | 8.72 | 8.63 | 8.60 |
O II | 3982.71 | 92 | 8.95 | 8.92 | 8.85 | 56 | 8.73 | 8.66 | 8.63 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 245 | 8.98 | 8.93 | 8.90 | 254 | 9.16 | 9.10 | 9.01 | 185 | 8.97 | 8.85 | 8.81 |
O II | 4072.15 | 196 | 9.04 | 8.95 | 8.92 | 187 | 9.09 | 9.01 | 8.91 | 105 | 8.71 | 8.57 | 8.54 |
O II | 4075.86 | 203 | 8.89 | 8.81 | 8.78 | 230 | 9.22 | 9.12 | 9.02 | 131 | 8.86 | 8.70 | 8.67 |
O II | 4078.84 | 59 | 8.65 | 8.63 | 8.60 | 53 | 8.65 | 8.63 | 8.57 | 43 | 8.62 | 8.56 | 8.53 |
O II | 4132.80 | 92 | 8.83 | 8.79 | 8.77 | 54 | 8.60 | 8.53 | 8.50 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 35 | 8.89 | 8.88 | 8.86 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 164 | 9.17 | 9.11 | 9.08 | 142 | 9.10 | 9.05 | 8.97 | 96 | 8.97 | 8.85 | 8.83 |
O II | 4319.63 | 165 | 9.17 | 9.11 | 9.09 | 137 | 9.06 | 9.01 | 8.93 | 102 | 9.06 | 8.93 | 8.91 |
O II | 4325.76 | 51 | 8.87 | 8.85 | 8.83 | ||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 164 | 9.07 | 9.01 | 8.98 | 147 | 9.04 | 9.00 | 8.91 | 100 | 8.94 | 8.80 | 8.78 |
O II | 4369.27 | 45 | 8.74 | 8.73 | 8.71 | 29 | 8.59 | 8.55 | 8.53 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 78 | 8.95 | 8.93 | 8.90 | 72 | 8.98 | 8.96 | 8.89 | 60 | 8.99 | 8.91 | 8.88 |
O II | 4414.90 | 215 | 8.95 | 8.88 | 8.85 | 168 | 8.76 | 8.71 | 8.62 | 140 | 8.85 | 8.73 | 8.70 |
O II | 4416.98 | 167 | 8.91 | 8.85 | 8.82 | 135 | 8.78 | 8.74 | 8.66 | 116 | 8.92 | 8.80 | 8.77 |
O II | 4452.38 | 83 | 9.01 | 8.98 | 8.96 | 71 | 8.97 | 8.95 | 8.88 | 58 | 8.95 | 8.88 | 8.85 |
O II | 4590.97 | 154 | 8.87 | 8.82 | 8.79 | 149 | 8.97 | 8.92 | 8.82 | 100 | 8.80 | 8.68 | 8.65 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 146 | 8.89 | 8.85 | 8.82 | 146 | 9.03 | 8.98 | 8.89 | 104 | 8.85 | 8.77 | 8.73 |
O II | 4638.86 | 172 | 9.07 | 9.01 | 8.98 | 152 | 9.05 | 9.00 | 8.91 | 112 | 9.02 | 8.89 | 8.86 |
O II | 4641.81 | 212 | 8.84 | 8.78 | 8.75 | 268 | 9.31 | 9.23 | 9.13 | 142 | 8.88 | 8.72 | 8.69 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 88 | 8.32 | 8.30 | 8.28 | 159 | 9.01 | 8.96 | 8.87 | 111 | 8.92 | 8.80 | 8.76 |
O II | 4673.73 | 63 | 9.02 | 9.00 | 8.98 | 56 | 9.03 | 9.01 | 8.94 | 40 | 8.88 | 8.83 | 8.80 |
O II | 4676.23 | 137 | 8.86 | 8.82 | 8.80 | 145 | 9.05 | 9.00 | 8.92 | 92 | 8.83 | 8.73 | 8.69 |
O II | 4699.00 | 130 | 8.73 | 8.70 | 8.67 | 106 | 8.67 | 8.64 | 8.56 | 108 | 8.71 | 8.66 | 8.62 |
O II | 4705.35 | 126 | 8.74 | 8.71 | 8.68 | 112 | 8.76 | 8.72 | 8.64 | 86 | 8.65 | 8.58 | 8.54 |
O II | 4710.00 | 71 | 9.24 | 9.21 | 9.18 | 48 | 9.05 | 9.02 | 8.95 | 49 | 9.19 | 9.11 | 9.07 |
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 168 | 7.17 | 7.15 | 7.17 | 199 | 7.28 | 7.25 | 7.29 | 126 | 7.20 | 7.14 | 7.15 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 24 | 6.95 | 6.94 | 6.97 | 19 | 7.12 | 7.07 | 7.12 | ||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 25 | 6.78 | 6.77 | 6.80 | 12 | 6.62 | 6.59 | 6.63 | ||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 313 | 7.59 | 7.49 | 7.46 | 306 | 7.66 | 7.57 | 7.48 | 192 | 7.69 | 7.48 | 7.46 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 269 | 7.62 | 7.53 | 7.50 | 256 | 7.66 | 7.57 | 7.49 | 164 | 7.71 | 7.50 | 7.49 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 174 | 7.58 | 7.52 | 7.50 | 172 | 7.67 | 7.61 | 7.54 | 113 | 7.72 | 7.54 | 7.53 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 64 | 7.63 | 7.58 | 7.53 | 54 | 7.69 | 7.64 | 7.51 | 44 | 7.70 | 7.58 | 7.49 |
Fe III | 4419.60 | 46 | 7.31 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 33 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 7.72 | ||||
Fe III | 4431.02 | 22 | 7.66 | 7.66 | 7.68 |
NGC 3293-026 | NGC 3293-043 | ||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 90 | 8.06 | 7.94 | 7.97 | 74 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 8.02 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 181 | 7.81 | 7.75 | 7.79 | 169 | 7.91 | 7.91 | 7.91 |
C II | 6578.05 | 131 | 8.01 | 7.90 | 7.93 | 104 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 8.14 |
C II | 6582.88 | 112 | 8.08 | 7.97 | 8.00 | 65 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 7.89 |
N II | 3955.85 | 26 | 7.79 | 7.74 | 7.72 | 10 | 7.74 | 7.74 | 7.74 |
N II | 3995.00 | 89 | 7.74 | 7.62 | 7.58 | 34 | 7.35 | 7.35 | 7.35 |
N II | 4447.03 | 55 | 7.81 | 7.74 | 7.69 | 18 | 7.56 | 7.56 | 7.56 |
N II | 4601.48 | 42 | 7.78 | 7.71 | 7.67 | 11 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 7.42 |
N II | 4613.86 | 11 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 7.64 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 25 | 7.49 | 7.49 | 7.49 | ||||
N II | 4643.08 | 17 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 71 | 8.90 | 8.82 | 8.73 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | 45 | 8.83 | 8.75 | 8.66 | 13 | 8.64 | 8.64 | 8.64 |
O II | 3954.36 | 66 | 8.92 | 8.80 | 8.70 | 20 | 8.71 | 8.71 | 8.71 |
O II | 3982.71 | 45 | 8.90 | 8.81 | 8.72 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 131 | 8.95 | 8.83 | 8.73 | 31 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 |
O II | 4072.15 | 83 | 8.92 | 8.76 | 8.65 | 25 | 8.47 | 8.47 | 8.47 |
O II | 4075.86 | 113 | 9.20 | 9.01 | 8.91 | 40 | 8.76 | 8.76 | 8.76 |
O II | 4078.84 | 39 | 8.91 | 8.81 | 8.73 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | 46 | 9.54 | 9.47 | 9.42 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 76 | 9.13 | 8.99 | 8.90 | 18 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 |
O II | 4319.63 | 71 | 9.03 | 8.90 | 8.81 | 13 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 8.32 |
O II | 4325.76 | 32 | 9.04 | 8.97 | 8.89 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 75 | 9.05 | 8.90 | 8.81 | 15 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 8.38 |
O II | 4369.27 | 22 | 8.69 | 8.64 | 8.56 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 50 | 9.23 | 9.13 | 9.03 | 14 | 9.03 | 9.03 | 9.03 |
O II | 4414.90 | 104 | 8.94 | 8.81 | 8.71 | 29 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 8.43 |
O II | 4416.98 | 89 | 9.08 | 8.94 | 8.84 | 23 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 |
O II | 4452.38 | 42 | 9.01 | 8.93 | 8.84 | ||||
O II | 4590.97 | 73 | 8.93 | 8.80 | 8.69 | 15 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 8.41 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 76 | 8.95 | 8.86 | 8.75 | 13 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 8.41 |
O II | 4638.86 | 78 | 9.06 | 8.93 | 8.82 | 19 | 8.59 | 8.59 | 8.59 |
O II | 4641.81 | 100 | 8.95 | 8.78 | 8.67 | 24 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 117 | 8.31 | 8.21 | 8.11 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | 77 | 8.97 | 8.83 | 8.73 | 17 | 8.44 | 8.44 | 8.44 |
O II | 4673.73 | 30 | 8.98 | 8.92 | 8.83 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 67 | 8.93 | 8.81 | 8.71 | 15 | 8.47 | 8.47 | 8.47 |
O II | 4699.00 | 79 | 8.81 | 8.75 | 8.64 | 11 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 8.22 |
O II | 4705.35 | 66 | 8.83 | 8.74 | 8.63 | 14 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 8.41 |
O II | 4710.00 | 38 | 9.38 | 9.28 | 9.18 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 135 | 7.29 | 7.18 | 7.22 | 151 | 7.14 | 7.14 | 7.14 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 22 | 7.09 | 7.00 | 7.07 | 35 | 7.36 | 7.36 | 7.36 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 21 | 6.82 | 6.75 | 6.82 | 41 | 7.25 | 7.25 | 7.25 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 141 | 7.73 | 7.50 | 7.43 | 60 | 7.34 | 7.34 | 7.34 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 116 | 7.72 | 7.49 | 7.42 | 43 | 7.24 | 7.24 | 7.24 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 85 | 7.84 | 7.63 | 7.56 | 28 | 7.34 | 7.34 | 7.34 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 24 | 7.80 | 7.67 | 7.46 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 33 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 7.68 | 17 | 7.51 | 7.51 | 7.51 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 22 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 7.64 |
NGC 4755-002 | NGC 4755-003 | NGC 4755-004 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 164 | 7.86 | 7.88 | 7.88 | 172 | 7.88 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 115 | 7.71 | 7.72 | 7.74 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 289 | 7.84 | 7.87 | 7.87 | 274 | 7.74 | 7.79 | 7.78 | 240 | 7.73 | 7.75 | 7.76 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 66 | 8.23 | 8.25 | 8.25 | 62 | 8.04 | 8.07 | 8.05 | 78 | 8.06 | 8.07 | 8.06 |
N II | 3995.00 | 192 | 8.02 | 8.06 | 8.06 | 219 | 7.98 | 8.06 | 8.04 | 269 | 7.97 | 8.00 | 7.99 |
N II | 4447.03 | 85 | 8.02 | 8.04 | 8.04 | 106 | 7.99 | 8.03 | 8.01 | 140 | 8.00 | 8.02 | 8.00 |
N II | 4601.48 | 103 | 8.22 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 118 | 8.16 | 8.20 | 8.18 | 161 | 8.19 | 8.22 | 8.20 |
N II | 4613.86 | 65 | 8.14 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 78 | 8.10 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 99 | 8.09 | 8.10 | 8.09 |
N II | 4630.54 | 189 | 8.24 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 211 | 8.16 | 8.24 | 8.21 | 264 | 8.09 | 8.13 | 8.11 |
N II | 4643.08 | 103 | 8.23 | 8.25 | 8.25 | 122 | 8.18 | 8.23 | 8.21 | 128 | 8.02 | 8.03 | 8.02 |
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 46 | 8.65 | 8.67 | 8.67 | 52 | 8.45 | 8.48 | 8.45 | 105 | 8.60 | 8.62 | 8.59 |
O II | 3945.04 | 38 | 8.45 | 8.47 | 8.45 | 71 | 8.53 | 8.55 | 8.52 | ||||
O II | 3954.36 | 38 | 8.36 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 48 | 8.27 | 8.29 | 8.27 | 102 | 8.43 | 8.45 | 8.42 |
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 72 | 8.37 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 102 | 8.35 | 8.39 | 8.36 | 192 | 8.49 | 8.51 | 8.47 |
O II | 4072.15 | 84 | 8.58 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 113 | 8.57 | 8.64 | 8.61 | 204 | 8.69 | 8.74 | 8.70 |
O II | 4075.86 | 95 | 8.52 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 118 | 8.43 | 8.51 | 8.48 | 219 | 8.59 | 8.63 | 8.59 |
O II | 4078.84 | 37 | 8.25 | 8.26 | 8.24 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | 48 | 8.61 | 8.64 | 8.62 | 76 | 8.61 | 8.63 | 8.60 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 24 | 8.70 | 8.70 | 8.68 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 59 | 8.72 | 8.74 | 8.74 | 75 | 8.64 | 8.68 | 8.65 | 154 | 8.83 | 8.86 | 8.83 |
O II | 4319.63 | 62 | 8.76 | 8.78 | 8.78 | 78 | 8.66 | 8.71 | 8.68 | 168 | 8.91 | 8.94 | 8.91 |
O II | 4325.76 | 15 | 8.59 | 8.60 | 8.60 | 20 | 8.52 | 8.54 | 8.52 | 41 | 8.65 | 8.66 | 8.64 |
O II | 4349.43 | 87 | 8.67 | 8.69 | 8.69 | 246 | 8.92 | 8.96 | 8.92 | ||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 93 | 8.36 | 8.37 | 8.35 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 55 | 8.59 | 8.60 | 8.60 | 78 | 8.59 | 8.63 | 8.61 | 161 | 8.79 | 8.82 | 8.78 |
O II | 4369.27 | 26 | 9.00 | 9.01 | 9.01 | ||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 49 | 9.24 | 9.26 | 9.26 | 51 | 8.96 | 8.99 | 8.97 | 65 | 8.75 | 8.77 | 8.74 |
O II | 4414.90 | 85 | 8.50 | 8.53 | 8.53 | 111 | 8.46 | 8.52 | 8.49 | 233 | 8.70 | 8.73 | 8.70 |
O II | 4416.98 | 61 | 8.49 | 8.52 | 8.52 | 86 | 8.50 | 8.55 | 8.53 | 169 | 8.65 | 8.68 | 8.64 |
O II | 4452.38 | 19 | 8.52 | 8.53 | 8.53 | 29 | 8.53 | 8.56 | 8.54 | 66 | 8.73 | 8.74 | 8.72 |
O II | 4590.97 | 42 | 8.40 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 64 | 8.41 | 8.45 | 8.42 | 146 | 8.57 | 8.59 | 8.56 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 44 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.57 | 59 | 8.47 | 8.50 | 8.47 | 123 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.53 |
O II | 4638.86 | 56 | 8.59 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 74 | 8.54 | 8.59 | 8.56 | 166 | 8.78 | 8.80 | 8.77 |
O II | 4641.81 | 101 | 8.61 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 121 | 8.50 | 8.56 | 8.53 | 295 | 8.89 | 8.93 | 8.89 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 105 | 8.19 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 136 | 8.11 | 8.15 | 8.12 | 421 | 8.63 | 8.66 | 8.62 |
O II | 4661.63 | 44 | 8.36 | 8.37 | 8.37 | 84 | 8.56 | 8.61 | 8.58 | 184 | 8.79 | 8.81 | 8.78 |
O II | 4673.73 | 24 | 8.91 | 8.92 | 8.92 | 27 | 8.73 | 8.75 | 8.73 | 64 | 8.93 | 8.95 | 8.92 |
O II | 4676.23 | 54 | 8.63 | 8.64 | 8.64 | 73 | 8.59 | 8.63 | 8.61 | 161 | 8.80 | 8.83 | 8.79 |
O II | 4699.00 | 26 | 8.27 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 48 | 8.35 | 8.38 | 8.35 | 84 | 8.31 | 8.32 | 8.29 |
O II | 4705.35 | 36 | 8.44 | 8.46 | 8.46 | 48 | 8.33 | 8.37 | 8.34 | 108 | 8.46 | 8.48 | 8.44 |
O II | 4710.00 | 20 | 8.72 | 8.74 | 8.72 | 42 | 8.76 | 8.77 | 8.74 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 350 | 7.28 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 294 | 7.27 | 7.31 | 7.33 | 215 | 7.25 | 7.26 | 7.29 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 141 | 7.45 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 107 | 7.40 | 7.45 | 7.47 | 61 | 7.38 | 7.39 | 7.44 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 149 | 7.30 | 7.33 | 7.33 | 118 | 7.28 | 7.32 | 7.34 | 73 | 7.29 | 7.31 | 7.35 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 241 | 7.37 | 7.41 | 7.41 | 281 | 7.34 | 7.46 | 7.42 | 415 | 7.36 | 7.42 | 7.38 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 192 | 7.37 | 7.41 | 7.41 | 224 | 7.33 | 7.43 | 7.40 | 343 | 7.36 | 7.42 | 7.38 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 108 | 7.36 | 7.39 | 7.39 | 132 | 7.34 | 7.41 | 7.38 | 208 | 7.38 | 7.41 | 7.38 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 77 | 7.35 | 7.38 | 7.32 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 78 | 7.47 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 77 | 7.44 | 7.47 | 7.46 | 70 | 7.37 | 7.38 | 7.38 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 57 | 7.59 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 48 | 7.48 | 7.50 | 7.49 |
NGC 4755-006 | NGC 4755-015 | NGC 4755-017 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 286 | 8.59 | 8.27 | 8.41 | 63 | 7.59 | 7.50 | 7.57 | 95 | 7.86 | 8.01 | 8.02 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 223 | 7.64 | 7.54 | 7.60 | 165 | 7.66 | 7.58 | 7.64 | 203 | 7.83 | 7.92 | 7.93 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 40 | 8.06 | 7.95 | 7.96 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 131 | 7.53 | 7.41 | 7.39 | 117 | 7.96 | 7.71 | 7.74 | 61 | 7.41 | 7.51 | 7.53 |
N II | 4447.03 | 45 | 7.56 | 7.48 | 7.46 | 52 | 7.91 | 8.00 | 8.02 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | 88 | 7.94 | 7.85 | 7.81 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 54 | 7.86 | 7.80 | 7.75 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 127 | 7.72 | 7.61 | 7.58 | 117 | 8.26 | 7.96 | 8.00 | 49 | 7.53 | 7.63 | 7.65 |
N II | 4643.08 | 64 | 8.06 | 7.91 | 7.91 | 30 | 7.67 | 7.73 | 7.75 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 120 | 8.99 | 8.82 | 8.77 | 96 | 9.13 | 8.95 | 8.90 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | 96 | 9.03 | 8.88 | 8.83 | 50 | 8.83 | 8.68 | 8.63 | ||||
O II | 3954.36 | 129 | 8.96 | 8.77 | 8.73 | 80 | 9.00 | 8.78 | 8.74 | ||||
O II | 3982.71 | 104 | 9.12 | 8.94 | 8.90 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 246 | 9.18 | 8.93 | 8.88 | 153 | 9.02 | 8.79 | 8.73 | 65 | 8.43 | 8.52 | 8.55 |
O II | 4072.15 | 205 | 9.19 | 8.86 | 8.85 | 118 | 9.25 | 8.90 | 8.90 | 56 | 8.58 | 8.73 | 8.76 |
O II | 4075.86 | 251 | 9.29 | 8.91 | 8.91 | 116 | 9.03 | 8.69 | 8.68 | 78 | 8.76 | 8.94 | 8.97 |
O II | 4078.84 | 50 | 9.05 | 8.86 | 8.82 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | 118 | 9.24 | 9.04 | 8.99 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | 36 | 9.10 | 9.01 | 8.94 | 24 | 8.91 | 8.83 | 8.77 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 164 | 9.31 | 9.07 | 9.03 | 107 | 9.43 | 9.14 | 9.12 | 46 | 8.76 | 8.88 | 8.91 |
O II | 4319.63 | 172 | 9.36 | 9.12 | 9.08 | 87 | 9.14 | 8.89 | 8.86 | 31 | 8.45 | 8.53 | 8.56 |
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 104 | 9.10 | 8.81 | 8.77 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 86 | 8.97 | 8.81 | 8.73 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 197 | 9.44 | 9.18 | 9.14 | 93 | 9.15 | 8.88 | 8.85 | 40 | 8.57 | 8.68 | 8.71 |
O II | 4369.27 | 33 | 8.93 | 8.81 | 8.75 | ||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 60 | 9.28 | 9.09 | 9.04 | 33 | 9.11 | 9.21 | 9.24 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | 204 | 9.03 | 8.76 | 8.73 | 123 | 9.00 | 8.75 | 8.71 | 40 | 8.15 | 8.24 | 8.27 |
O II | 4416.98 | 150 | 8.95 | 8.73 | 8.68 | 117 | 9.26 | 8.98 | 8.96 | 43 | 8.49 | 8.61 | 8.64 |
O II | 4452.38 | 85 | 9.21 | 9.06 | 9.00 | 46 | 8.99 | 8.85 | 8.80 | ||||
O II | 4590.97 | 171 | 9.18 | 8.94 | 8.88 | 91 | 9.04 | 8.79 | 8.74 | 46 | 8.72 | 8.84 | 8.87 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 156 | 9.18 | 8.97 | 8.90 | 103 | 9.17 | 8.97 | 8.91 | 40 | 8.69 | 8.77 | 8.80 |
O II | 4638.86 | 178 | 9.27 | 9.03 | 8.99 | 100 | 9.22 | 8.95 | 8.91 | 40 | 8.62 | 8.72 | 8.75 |
O II | 4641.81 | 124 | 9.05 | 8.73 | 8.70 | 41 | 8.21 | 8.31 | 8.34 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 190 | 8.74 | 8.50 | 8.45 | ||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 198 | 9.31 | 9.05 | 9.01 | 99 | 9.12 | 8.85 | 8.81 | 34 | 8.42 | 8.51 | 8.55 |
O II | 4673.73 | 44 | 8.96 | 8.86 | 8.80 | 39 | 9.12 | 8.99 | 8.93 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 204 | 9.48 | 9.22 | 9.18 | 93 | 9.18 | 8.93 | 8.89 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 113 | 8.87 | 8.73 | 8.65 | 96 | 8.92 | 8.79 | 8.70 | ||||
O II | 4705.35 | 136 | 9.06 | 8.85 | 8.79 | 84 | 8.97 | 8.78 | 8.71 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | 42 | 9.07 | 8.97 | 8.89 | 57 | 9.58 | 9.42 | 9.38 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 230 | 7.18 | 7.07 | 7.21 | 131 | 7.16 | 7.02 | 7.09 | 184 | 7.19 | 7.33 | 7.32 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 50 | 7.33 | 7.59 | 7.58 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 51 | 7.10 | 7.32 | 7.31 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 357 | 7.75 | 7.34 | 7.38 | 179 | 7.84 | 7.40 | 7.46 | 111 | 7.24 | 7.49 | 7.51 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 304 | 7.77 | 7.40 | 7.43 | 144 | 7.78 | 7.37 | 7.41 | 79 | 7.12 | 7.33 | 7.36 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 196 | 7.77 | 7.50 | 7.49 | 104 | 7.87 | 7.51 | 7.53 | 52 | 7.25 | 7.41 | 7.44 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 54 | 7.78 | 7.55 | 7.47 | 30 | 7.84 | 7.60 | 7.46 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 34 | 7.72 | 7.56 | 7.73 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 4755-020 | NGC 4755-033 | NGC 4755-040 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 96 | 7.99 | 8.11 | 8.11 | 76 | 7.75 | 8.10 | 8.01 | 99 | 8.58 | 8.26 | 8.38 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 213 | 7.95 | 8.02 | 8.01 | 190 | 7.92 | 8.19 | 8.17 | 219 | 8.45 | 8.28 | 8.31 |
C II | 6578.05 | 155 | 8.14 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 111 | 8.02 | 8.29 | 8.26 | 144 | 8.80 | 8.45 | 8.57 |
C II | 6582.88 | 137 | 8.24 | 8.39 | 8.39 | 98 | 8.10 | 8.40 | 8.35 | 138 | 9.03 | 8.64 | 8.79 |
N II | 3955.85 | 15 | 7.53 | 7.56 | 7.57 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 67 | 7.42 | 7.49 | 7.51 | 21 | 7.12 | 7.18 | 7.23 | 39 | 7.75 | 7.59 | 7.58 |
N II | 4447.03 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | 40 | 7.78 | 7.84 | 7.85 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 24 | 7.66 | 7.70 | 7.71 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 58 | 7.57 | 7.65 | 7.67 | 21 | 7.45 | 7.59 | 7.63 | 33 | 7.99 | 7.84 | 7.81 |
N II | 4643.08 | 37 | 7.70 | 7.75 | 7.76 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 39 | 8.45 | 8.50 | 8.52 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | 27 | 8.48 | 8.53 | 8.56 | ||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | 37 | 8.43 | 8.50 | 8.53 | ||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | 20 | 8.38 | 8.42 | 8.45 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 75 | 8.35 | 8.42 | 8.45 | 22 | 8.31 | 8.44 | 8.53 | 36 | 8.84 | 8.72 | 8.64 |
O II | 4072.15 | 57 | 8.43 | 8.54 | 8.56 | 18 | 8.30 | 8.51 | 8.57 | 36 | 9.18 | 8.98 | 8.94 |
O II | 4075.86 | 86 | 8.74 | 8.87 | 8.89 | 35 | 8.63 | 8.93 | 8.95 | 63 | 9.54 | 9.35 | 9.35 |
O II | 4078.84 | 16 | 8.26 | 8.29 | 8.32 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | 22 | 8.28 | 8.32 | 8.35 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | 12 | 8.50 | 8.53 | 8.55 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 47 | 8.61 | 8.69 | 8.71 | ||||||||
O II | 4319.63 | 38 | 8.42 | 8.49 | 8.51 | ||||||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 41 | 8.42 | 8.50 | 8.52 | ||||||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 34 | 8.93 | 9.00 | 9.03 | ||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 62 | 8.36 | 8.44 | 8.47 | ||||||||
O II | 4416.98 | 51 | 8.47 | 8.56 | 8.59 | ||||||||
O II | 4452.38 | 23 | 8.60 | 8.64 | 8.66 | ||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 36 | 8.29 | 8.35 | 8.38 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 36 | 8.37 | 8.42 | 8.45 | ||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | 46 | 8.54 | 8.61 | 8.64 | ||||||||
O II | 4641.81 | 61 | 8.37 | 8.47 | 8.50 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 57 | 7.76 | 7.81 | 7.83 | ||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 40 | 8.35 | 8.42 | 8.44 | ||||||||
O II | 4673.73 | 15 | 8.60 | 8.63 | 8.65 | ||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 36 | 8.39 | 8.45 | 8.47 | ||||||||
O II | 4699.00 | 37 | 8.29 | 8.32 | 8.35 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 35 | 8.33 | 8.38 | 8.41 | ||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | 18 | 8.87 | 8.92 | 8.95 | ||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 167 | 7.34 | 7.45 | 7.44 | 233 | 7.02 | 7.44 | 7.09 | 185 | 7.28 | 6.98 | 7.19 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 34 | 7.31 | 7.46 | 7.45 | 75 | 7.15 | 8.15 | 7.36 | 51 | 7.84 | 7.13 | 7.56 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 38 | 7.17 | 7.31 | 7.30 | 77 | 6.96 | 7.85 | 7.12 | 54 | 7.58 | 6.94 | 7.30 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 111 | 7.23 | 7.42 | 7.44 | 62 | 7.09 | 7.54 | 7.44 | 62 | 7.68 | 7.35 | 7.40 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 83 | 7.13 | 7.30 | 7.32 | 35 | 6.91 | 7.23 | 7.19 | 49 | 7.67 | 7.37 | 7.41 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 56 | 7.24 | 7.38 | 7.40 | 24 | 7.14 | 7.41 | 7.39 | 32 | 7.76 | 7.50 | 7.52 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 33 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.84 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 4755-048 | |||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 90 | 8.07 | 8.29 | 8.25 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 207 | 8.15 | 8.29 | 8.30 |
C II | 6578.05 | 109 | 8.12 | 8.27 | 8.27 |
C II | 6582.88 | 107 | 8.29 | 8.49 | 8.47 |
N II | 3955.85 | ||||
N II | 3995.00 | 24 | 7.19 | 7.25 | 7.30 |
N II | 4447.03 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | ||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 20 | 7.46 | 7.53 | 7.59 |
N II | 4643.08 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||
O II | 3954.36 | ||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 29 | 8.52 | 8.60 | 8.69 |
O II | 4072.15 | 30 | 8.75 | 8.90 | 8.96 |
O II | 4075.86 | 50 | 9.06 | 9.24 | 9.28 |
O II | 4078.84 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | 15 | 8.89 | 8.99 | 9.08 |
O II | 4156.53 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | ||||
O II | 4319.63 | ||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | ||||
O II | 4416.98 | ||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||
O II | 4590.97 | ||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | ||||
O II | 4638.86 | ||||
O II | 4641.81 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | ||||
O II | 4705.35 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 202 | 7.03 | 7.25 | 7.08 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 60 | 7.22 | 7.75 | 7.38 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 72 | 7.17 | 7.74 | 7.35 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 59 | 7.22 | 7.46 | 7.45 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 35 | 7.01 | 7.20 | 7.22 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 27 | 7.31 | 7.48 | 7.50 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 2004-003 | NGC 2004-005 | NGC 2004-007 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | Abundance | EW (mÅ) | Abundance | EW (mÅ) | Abundance | ||||||
C II | 3920.68 | 90 | 7.68 | 7.66 | 7.66 | 49 | 7.48 | 7.70 | 7.68 | 42 | 7.40 | 7.74 | 7.69 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 173 | 7.68 | 7.66 | 7.66 | 105 | 7.50 | 7.79 | 7.77 | 86 | 7.36 | 7.74 | 7.73 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 21 | 7.90 | 7.89 | 7.89 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 83 | 7.81 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 34 | 7.52 | 7.76 | 7.77 | 28 | 7.43 | 7.78 | 7.78 |
N II | 4447.03 | 31 | 7.82 | 7.81 | 7.81 | 11 | 7.69 | 7.79 | 7.85 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | 31 | 7.88 | 7.86 | 7.86 | 11 | 7.72 | 7.82 | 7.87 | ||||
N II | 4613.86 | 19 | 7.81 | 7.80 | 7.80 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 60 | 7.86 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 27 | 7.75 | 7.94 | 7.98 | 15 | 7.51 | 7.72 | 7.77 |
N II | 4643.08 | 34 | 7.94 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 10 | 7.69 | 7.77 | 7.83 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 12 | 8.39 | 8.38 | 8.38 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | 8 | 8.31 | 8.30 | 8.30 | ||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | 15 | 8.35 | 8.33 | 8.33 | ||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | 8 | 8.31 | 8.30 | 8.30 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 29 | 8.36 | 8.35 | 8.35 | ||||||||
O II | 4072.15 | 28 | 8.45 | 8.43 | 8.43 | ||||||||
O II | 4075.86 | 37 | 8.50 | 8.47 | 8.47 | ||||||||
O II | 4078.84 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 19 | 8.49 | 8.48 | 8.48 | ||||||||
O II | 4319.63 | 23 | 8.63 | 8.62 | 8.62 | ||||||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 18 | 8.38 | 8.37 | 8.37 | ||||||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 32 | 8.43 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 26 | 8.82 | 9.13 | 9.15 | ||||
O II | 4416.98 | 30 | 8.63 | 8.61 | 8.61 | 17 | 8.79 | 9.07 | 9.10 | 12 | 8.64 | 9.00 | 9.06 |
O II | 4452.38 | 10 | 8.69 | 8.68 | 8.68 | ||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 17 | 8.50 | 8.48 | 8.48 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 16 | 8.57 | 8.55 | 8.55 | ||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | 20 | 8.51 | 8.49 | 8.49 | 8 | 8.53 | 8.69 | 8.78 | 8 | 8.61 | 8.89 | 9.02 |
O II | 4641.81 | 37 | 8.50 | 8.48 | 8.48 | 8 | 8.12 | 8.24 | 8.32 | 7 | 8.13 | 8.34 | 8.45 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 21 | 8.61 | 8.59 | 8.59 | ||||||||
O II | 4699.00 | 8 | 8.22 | 8.21 | 8.21 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 11 | 8.38 | 8.37 | 8.37 | ||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 302 | 7.04 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 370 | 6.78 | 7.17 | 6.98 | 363 | 6.67 | 7.37 | 6.95 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 133 | 7.31 | 7.28 | 7.28 | 167 | 7.02 | 7.56 | 7.28 | 164 | 6.90 | 8.13 | 7.28 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 144 | 7.18 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 177 | 6.88 | 7.43 | 7.15 | 171 | 6.74 | 7.92 | 7.14 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 107 | 7.27 | 7.23 | 7.23 | 44 | 6.97 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 34 | 6.85 | 7.34 | 7.31 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 77 | 7.21 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 27 | 6.87 | 7.14 | 7.16 | 20 | 6.76 | 7.13 | 7.14 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 44 | 7.27 | 7.24 | 7.24 | 14 | 6.98 | 7.16 | 7.20 | 10 | 6.86 | 7.12 | 7.18 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 37 | 7.26 | 7.25 | 7.25 | 18 | 7.08 | 7.15 | 7.16 | 14 | 7.02 | 7.12 | 7.13 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 25 | 7.34 | 7.33 | 7.33 | 12 | 7.18 | 7.23 | 7.25 | 7 | 7.01 | 7.07 | 7.10 |
NGC 2004-010 | NGC 2004-011 | NGC 2004-012 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 91 | 7.46 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 51 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.45 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 194 | 7.50 | 7.53 | 7.53 | 130 | 7.45 | 7.46 | 7.45 | 134 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 7.44 |
C II | 6578.05 | 75 | 7.46 | 7.46 | 7.46 | ||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | 56 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 7.48 | ||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | 64 | 8.17 | 8.21 | 8.19 | 52 | 7.84 | 7.85 | 7.85 | 48 | 7.80 | 7.80 | 7.80 |
N II | 3995.00 | 202 | 8.05 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 196 | 7.74 | 7.76 | 7.76 | 177 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 7.69 |
N II | 4447.03 | 93 | 8.03 | 8.07 | 8.04 | 76 | 7.59 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 69 | 7.54 | 7.54 | 7.54 |
N II | 4601.48 | 97 | 8.15 | 8.20 | 8.17 | 95 | 7.84 | 7.85 | 7.85 | 105 | 7.94 | 7.94 | 7.94 |
N II | 4613.86 | 65 | 8.10 | 8.14 | 8.11 | 60 | 7.80 | 7.81 | 7.81 | 56 | 7.77 | 7.77 | 7.77 |
N II | 4630.54 | 180 | 8.17 | 8.24 | 8.21 | 153 | 7.66 | 7.68 | 7.68 | 152 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 7.71 |
N II | 4643.08 | 108 | 8.24 | 8.29 | 8.26 | 58 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 83 | 7.77 | 7.77 | 7.77 |
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 29 | 8.25 | 8.27 | 8.24 | 84 | 8.30 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 86 | 8.39 | 8.39 | 8.39 |
O II | 3945.04 | 19 | 8.19 | 8.21 | 8.18 | 57 | 8.28 | 8.29 | 8.30 | 56 | 8.34 | 8.34 | 8.34 |
O II | 3954.36 | 30 | 8.13 | 8.15 | 8.12 | 86 | 8.20 | 8.21 | 8.22 | 84 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 |
O II | 3982.71 | 20 | 8.22 | 8.24 | 8.21 | 75 | 8.44 | 8.45 | 8.46 | 55 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 8.32 |
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 62 | 8.15 | 8.17 | 8.14 | 188 | 8.30 | 8.32 | 8.33 | 189 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 8.43 |
O II | 4072.15 | 74 | 8.40 | 8.46 | 8.42 | 181 | 8.45 | 8.50 | 8.51 | 170 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 |
O II | 4075.86 | 69 | 8.17 | 8.22 | 8.19 | 190 | 8.31 | 8.36 | 8.37 | 173 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 8.38 |
O II | 4078.84 | 31 | 8.03 | 8.04 | 8.04 | 37 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | 60 | 8.31 | 8.32 | 8.33 | 71 | 8.48 | 8.48 | 8.48 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 15 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 21 | 8.51 | 8.51 | 8.51 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 43 | 8.38 | 8.41 | 8.38 | 133 | 8.57 | 8.59 | 8.60 | 117 | 8.57 | 8.57 | 8.57 |
O II | 4319.63 | 43 | 8.38 | 8.41 | 8.38 | 142 | 8.62 | 8.65 | 8.66 | 127 | 8.64 | 8.64 | 8.64 |
O II | 4325.76 | 14 | 8.46 | 8.47 | 8.44 | 34 | 8.43 | 8.44 | 8.44 | 33 | 8.47 | 8.47 | 8.47 |
O II | 4349.43 | 74 | 8.43 | 8.47 | 8.43 | 227 | 8.67 | 8.72 | 8.73 | 193 | 8.67 | 8.67 | 8.67 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 24 | 8.04 | 8.06 | 8.02 | 87 | 8.10 | 8.11 | 8.12 | 88 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.20 |
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 36 | 8.18 | 8.20 | 8.18 | 127 | 8.44 | 8.46 | 8.47 | 122 | 8.52 | 8.52 | 8.52 |
O II | 4369.27 | 13 | 8.03 | 8.03 | 8.03 | ||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 29 | 8.78 | 8.81 | 8.77 | 45 | 8.41 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 45 | 8.46 | 8.46 | 8.46 |
O II | 4414.90 | 65 | 8.21 | 8.26 | 8.22 | 223 | 8.54 | 8.58 | 8.59 | 188 | 8.52 | 8.52 | 8.52 |
O II | 4416.98 | 46 | 8.21 | 8.25 | 8.22 | 154 | 8.45 | 8.48 | 8.48 | 143 | 8.51 | 8.51 | 8.51 |
O II | 4452.38 | 19 | 8.44 | 8.46 | 8.43 | 54 | 8.48 | 8.49 | 8.50 | 54 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 |
O II | 4590.97 | 36 | 8.20 | 8.23 | 8.19 | 137 | 8.33 | 8.35 | 8.36 | 124 | 8.39 | 8.39 | 8.39 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 30 | 8.20 | 8.22 | 8.19 | 109 | 8.27 | 8.28 | 8.29 | 103 | 8.34 | 8.34 | 8.34 |
O II | 4638.86 | 42 | 8.30 | 8.32 | 8.29 | 155 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.58 | 139 | 8.58 | 8.58 | 8.58 |
O II | 4641.81 | 75 | 8.27 | 8.31 | 8.28 | 272 | 8.64 | 8.69 | 8.70 | 229 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 8.62 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 51 | 8.35 | 8.39 | 8.35 | 170 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.58 | 152 | 8.58 | 8.58 | 8.58 |
O II | 4673.73 | 11 | 8.38 | 8.40 | 8.37 | 41 | 8.52 | 8.53 | 8.53 | 33 | 8.46 | 8.46 | 8.46 |
O II | 4676.23 | 41 | 8.34 | 8.37 | 8.33 | 154 | 8.59 | 8.62 | 8.63 | 131 | 8.58 | 8.58 | 8.58 |
O II | 4699.00 | 20 | 8.03 | 8.04 | 8.01 | 64 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 69 | 8.11 | 8.11 | 8.11 |
O II | 4705.35 | 26 | 8.14 | 8.16 | 8.13 | 82 | 8.13 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 87 | 8.26 | 8.26 | 8.26 |
O II | 4710.00 | 15 | 8.73 | 8.75 | 8.71 | 23 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 8.31 | 32 | 8.53 | 8.53 | 8.53 |
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 228 | 7.06 | 7.10 | 7.11 | 136 | 7.15 | 7.16 | 7.15 | 132 | 7.08 | 7.08 | 7.08 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 84 | 7.22 | 7.26 | 7.28 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 91 | 7.08 | 7.12 | 7.14 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 205 | 7.16 | 7.26 | 7.22 | 350 | 7.12 | 7.20 | 7.21 | 308 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 7.18 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 161 | 7.16 | 7.24 | 7.21 | 286 | 7.13 | 7.19 | 7.20 | 256 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.20 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 89 | 7.16 | 7.21 | 7.18 | 166 | 7.13 | 7.16 | 7.17 | 151 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 7.18 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 87 | 7.16 | 7.20 | 7.22 | 69 | 7.21 | 7.21 | 7.21 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 45 | 7.19 | 7.20 | 7.19 | 40 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 32 | 7.08 | 7.08 | 7.08 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 33 | 7.31 | 7.33 | 7.32 | 19 | 7.11 | 7.11 | 7.11 | 21 | 7.16 | 7.16 | 7.16 |
NGC 2004-014 | NGC 2004-021 | NGC 2004-022 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 98 | 7.55 | 7.60 | 7.61 | 83 | 7.63 | 7.62 | 7.62 | 46 | 7.29 | 7.29 | 7.30 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 191 | 7.52 | 7.58 | 7.58 | 167 | 7.56 | 7.55 | 7.55 | 119 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 7.32 |
C II | 6578.05 | 273 | 8.06 | 8.16 | 8.17 | 61 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 7.31 | ||||
C II | 6582.88 | 207 | 8.05 | 8.13 | 8.14 | 47 | 7.34 | 7.34 | 7.35 | ||||
N II | 3955.85 | 19 | 7.56 | 7.58 | 7.56 | 18 | 7.27 | 7.27 | 7.26 | 38 | 7.71 | 7.70 | 7.70 |
N II | 3995.00 | 82 | 7.41 | 7.47 | 7.47 | 82 | 7.10 | 7.09 | 7.07 | 149 | 7.61 | 7.58 | 7.58 |
N II | 4447.03 | 33 | 7.48 | 7.51 | 7.49 | 22 | 6.93 | 6.93 | 6.93 | 68 | 7.55 | 7.54 | 7.54 |
N II | 4601.48 | 30 | 7.54 | 7.57 | 7.55 | 42 | 7.38 | 7.38 | 7.37 | 88 | 7.88 | 7.86 | 7.86 |
N II | 4613.86 | 17 | 7.47 | 7.48 | 7.46 | 30 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 55 | 7.80 | 7.79 | 7.79 |
N II | 4630.54 | 59 | 7.49 | 7.53 | 7.51 | 59 | 7.13 | 7.13 | 7.13 | 118 | 7.58 | 7.56 | 7.56 |
N II | 4643.08 | 34 | 7.62 | 7.65 | 7.63 | 73 | 7.74 | 7.73 | 7.73 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 23 | 8.23 | 8.26 | 8.23 | 94 | 8.48 | 8.46 | 8.43 | 94 | 8.55 | 8.52 | 8.51 |
O II | 3945.04 | 18 | 8.30 | 8.33 | 8.31 | 67 | 8.48 | 8.47 | 8.45 | 59 | 8.46 | 8.45 | 8.44 |
O II | 3954.36 | 25 | 8.17 | 8.21 | 8.19 | 88 | 8.34 | 8.32 | 8.30 | 86 | 8.41 | 8.38 | 8.37 |
O II | 3982.71 | 10 | 8.03 | 8.04 | 8.02 | 59 | 8.47 | 8.45 | 8.44 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 48 | 8.14 | 8.18 | 8.15 | 197 | 8.52 | 8.48 | 8.44 | 192 | 8.60 | 8.56 | 8.54 |
O II | 4072.15 | 39 | 8.10 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 159 | 8.52 | 8.47 | 8.41 | 153 | 8.63 | 8.56 | 8.55 |
O II | 4075.86 | 55 | 8.19 | 8.28 | 8.27 | 182 | 8.49 | 8.43 | 8.37 | 157 | 8.47 | 8.41 | 8.39 |
O II | 4078.84 | 42 | 8.29 | 8.28 | 8.26 | 41 | 8.34 | 8.32 | 8.31 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | 54 | 8.30 | 8.28 | 8.26 | 58 | 8.41 | 8.39 | 8.38 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 20 | 8.49 | 8.49 | 8.48 | 28 | 8.72 | 8.71 | 8.70 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 29 | 8.29 | 8.32 | 8.30 | 128 | 8.70 | 8.67 | 8.63 | 120 | 8.75 | 8.71 | 8.70 |
O II | 4319.63 | 32 | 8.35 | 8.40 | 8.38 | 135 | 8.75 | 8.71 | 8.67 | 119 | 8.74 | 8.70 | 8.69 |
O II | 4325.76 | 38 | 8.57 | 8.56 | 8.54 | 35 | 8.58 | 8.57 | 8.56 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | 48 | 8.36 | 8.41 | 8.38 | 198 | 8.77 | 8.73 | 8.67 | 183 | 8.84 | 8.79 | 8.77 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 17 | 8.06 | 8.08 | 8.06 | 86 | 8.23 | 8.22 | 8.19 | 100 | 8.44 | 8.41 | 8.40 |
O II | 4353.58 | 24 | 8.55 | 8.54 | 8.52 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 25 | 8.12 | 8.15 | 8.12 | 136 | 8.67 | 8.63 | 8.59 | 124 | 8.69 | 8.65 | 8.63 |
O II | 4369.27 | 14 | 8.06 | 8.06 | 8.06 | 24 | 8.36 | 8.35 | 8.34 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 53 | 8.58 | 8.57 | 8.55 | 48 | 8.57 | 8.56 | 8.55 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | 44 | 8.11 | 8.17 | 8.16 | 201 | 8.65 | 8.61 | 8.56 | 179 | 8.67 | 8.61 | 8.60 |
O II | 4416.98 | 38 | 8.27 | 8.33 | 8.31 | 153 | 8.63 | 8.59 | 8.55 | 136 | 8.63 | 8.59 | 8.58 |
O II | 4452.38 | 17 | 8.53 | 8.57 | 8.55 | 61 | 8.66 | 8.65 | 8.62 | 56 | 8.67 | 8.65 | 8.64 |
O II | 4590.97 | 20 | 8.06 | 8.09 | 8.07 | 140 | 8.56 | 8.53 | 8.49 | 126 | 8.59 | 8.55 | 8.53 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 19 | 8.14 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 116 | 8.50 | 8.48 | 8.45 | 109 | 8.55 | 8.52 | 8.51 |
O II | 4638.86 | 36 | 8.41 | 8.46 | 8.44 | 163 | 8.79 | 8.75 | 8.70 | 145 | 8.80 | 8.75 | 8.74 |
O II | 4641.81 | 57 | 8.30 | 8.36 | 8.35 | 212 | 8.75 | 8.70 | 8.68 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 35 | 8.32 | 8.37 | 8.34 | 171 | 8.75 | 8.71 | 8.67 | 148 | 8.73 | 8.69 | 8.67 |
O II | 4673.73 | 41 | 8.61 | 8.60 | 8.58 | 44 | 8.72 | 8.70 | 8.69 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 30 | 8.35 | 8.39 | 8.37 | 149 | 8.75 | 8.72 | 8.67 | 130 | 8.74 | 8.70 | 8.69 |
O II | 4699.00 | 16 | 8.08 | 8.10 | 8.07 | 80 | 8.24 | 8.23 | 8.21 | 84 | 8.34 | 8.32 | 8.31 |
O II | 4705.35 | 19 | 8.15 | 8.18 | 8.16 | 95 | 8.37 | 8.35 | 8.32 | 92 | 8.43 | 8.41 | 8.39 |
O II | 4710.00 | 28 | 8.51 | 8.50 | 8.48 | 43 | 8.83 | 8.81 | 8.80 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 214 | 6.96 | 7.02 | 7.06 | 144 | 7.09 | 7.08 | 7.07 | 116 | 6.94 | 6.94 | 6.94 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 80 | 7.15 | 7.23 | 7.28 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 89 | 7.02 | 7.10 | 7.16 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 146 | 7.08 | 7.22 | 7.24 | 318 | 7.30 | 7.22 | 7.14 | 270 | 7.28 | 7.20 | 7.19 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 112 | 7.08 | 7.20 | 7.21 | 266 | 7.32 | 7.25 | 7.18 | 231 | 7.34 | 7.26 | 7.25 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 60 | 7.08 | 7.16 | 7.15 | 163 | 7.31 | 7.27 | 7.22 | 142 | 7.31 | 7.26 | 7.25 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 63 | 7.32 | 7.28 | 7.23 | 52 | 7.31 | 7.26 | 7.22 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 30 | 7.14 | 7.16 | 7.15 | 39 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 7.16 | 23 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 18 | 7.19 | 7.20 | 7.19 | 24 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 7.22 |
NGC 2004-026 | NGC 2004-029 | NGC 2004-036 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 64 | 7.70 | 7.74 | 7.75 | 56 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 56 | 7.49 | 7.45 | 7.54 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 131 | 7.51 | 7.52 | 7.53 | 112 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 131 | 7.46 | 7.42 | 7.51 |
C II | 6578.05 | 124 | 7.91 | 7.97 | 7.98 | 85 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 95 | 7.54 | 7.49 | 7.56 |
C II | 6582.88 | 98 | 7.91 | 7.96 | 7.97 | 77 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 68 | 7.51 | 7.48 | 7.55 |
N II | 3955.85 | 22 | 7.49 | 7.45 | 7.46 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 41 | 6.87 | 6.87 | 6.87 | 88 | 7.37 | 7.27 | 7.28 | ||||
N II | 4447.03 | 12 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 41 | 7.35 | 7.31 | 7.30 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | 21 | 7.21 | 7.22 | 7.20 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 10 | 7.04 | 7.05 | 7.03 | 30 | 7.55 | 7.51 | 7.51 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 27 | 6.91 | 6.91 | 6.90 | 23 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 65 | 7.34 | 7.28 | 7.27 |
N II | 4643.08 | 12 | 6.92 | 6.91 | 6.90 | 10 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 42 | 7.51 | 7.47 | 7.46 |
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 42 | 8.24 | 8.27 | 8.23 | 48 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 88 | 8.69 | 8.57 | 8.49 |
O II | 3945.04 | 26 | 8.20 | 8.22 | 8.19 | 37 | 8.33 | 8.33 | 8.33 | 54 | 8.58 | 8.48 | 8.41 |
O II | 3954.36 | 35 | 8.10 | 8.13 | 8.09 | 52 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 80 | 8.59 | 8.45 | 8.37 |
O II | 3982.71 | 23 | 8.17 | 8.19 | 8.15 | 32 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 53 | 8.58 | 8.48 | 8.41 |
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 87 | 8.22 | 8.26 | 8.22 | 107 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 174 | 8.79 | 8.60 | 8.51 |
O II | 4072.15 | 51 | 8.05 | 8.10 | 8.06 | 74 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 130 | 8.93 | 8.60 | 8.54 |
O II | 4075.86 | 63 | 8.10 | 8.16 | 8.12 | 80 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 133 | 8.76 | 8.44 | 8.37 |
O II | 4078.84 | 20 | 8.15 | 8.17 | 8.14 | 27 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 45 | 8.61 | 8.49 | 8.42 |
O II | 4132.80 | 27 | 8.17 | 8.20 | 8.16 | 29 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 49 | 8.46 | 8.36 | 8.28 |
O II | 4156.53 | 9 | 8.14 | 8.15 | 8.13 | 25 | 8.74 | 8.69 | 8.62 | ||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 44 | 8.27 | 8.31 | 8.27 | 64 | 8.50 | 8.50 | 8.50 | ||||
O II | 4319.63 | 47 | 8.33 | 8.38 | 8.33 | 67 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 106 | 8.99 | 8.76 | 8.69 |
O II | 4325.76 | 13 | 8.22 | 8.23 | 8.20 | 19 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 8.32 | 33 | 8.69 | 8.61 | 8.54 |
O II | 4349.43 | 56 | 8.23 | 8.28 | 8.23 | 75 | 8.33 | 8.33 | 8.33 | ||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 35 | 8.03 | 8.05 | 8.01 | 44 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 103 | 8.70 | 8.57 | 8.45 |
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 46 | 8.26 | 8.31 | 8.26 | 63 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 101 | 8.82 | 8.61 | 8.54 |
O II | 4369.27 | 11 | 8.10 | 8.11 | 8.08 | 16 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 24 | 8.44 | 8.40 | 8.32 |
O II | 4395.94 | 30 | 8.57 | 8.60 | 8.56 | 36 | 8.56 | 8.56 | 8.56 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | 62 | 8.11 | 8.16 | 8.12 | 82 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 157 | 8.91 | 8.66 | 8.59 |
O II | 4416.98 | 46 | 8.14 | 8.18 | 8.14 | 68 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 127 | 8.94 | 8.70 | 8.63 |
O II | 4452.38 | 21 | 8.29 | 8.31 | 8.28 | 28 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 53 | 8.82 | 8.71 | 8.63 |
O II | 4590.97 | 47 | 8.20 | 8.24 | 8.19 | 60 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 109 | 8.80 | 8.58 | 8.48 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 39 | 8.12 | 8.14 | 8.10 | 65 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 95 | 8.67 | 8.54 | 8.43 |
O II | 4638.86 | 49 | 8.29 | 8.33 | 8.28 | 68 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 114 | 8.91 | 8.69 | 8.60 |
O II | 4641.81 | 70 | 8.21 | 8.27 | 8.22 | 88 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 162 | 8.90 | 8.61 | 8.53 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 48 | 8.20 | 8.24 | 8.20 | 65 | 8.31 | 8.31 | 8.31 | 115 | 8.83 | 8.61 | 8.53 |
O II | 4673.73 | 16 | 8.36 | 8.37 | 8.34 | 22 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 36 | 8.74 | 8.66 | 8.58 |
O II | 4676.23 | 42 | 8.21 | 8.24 | 8.20 | 54 | 8.25 | 8.25 | 8.25 | 92 | 8.71 | 8.54 | 8.45 |
O II | 4699.00 | 38 | 8.02 | 8.03 | 8.00 | 51 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 75 | 8.37 | 8.32 | 8.21 |
O II | 4705.35 | 33 | 7.99 | 8.01 | 7.97 | 44 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 74 | 8.47 | 8.35 | 8.25 |
O II | 4710.00 | 19 | 8.44 | 8.44 | 8.44 | 34 | 8.83 | 8.75 | 8.65 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 100 | 7.03 | 7.07 | 7.08 | 93 | 7.03 | 7.03 | 7.03 | 96 | 6.88 | 6.84 | 6.93 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 24 | 7.28 | 7.34 | 7.37 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 24 | 7.04 | 7.08 | 7.12 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 114 | 7.17 | 7.30 | 7.26 | 129 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 205 | 7.56 | 7.14 | 7.14 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 95 | 7.18 | 7.31 | 7.27 | 106 | 7.19 | 7.19 | 7.19 | 180 | 7.62 | 7.24 | 7.23 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 60 | 7.17 | 7.27 | 7.23 | 69 | 7.21 | 7.21 | 7.21 | 115 | 7.54 | 7.27 | 7.25 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 28 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 46 | 7.59 | 7.38 | 7.18 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 24 | 7.33 | 7.38 | 7.38 | 27 | 7.37 | 7.37 | 7.37 | 35 | 7.32 | 7.26 | 7.29 |
Fe III | 4431.02 | 14 | 7.22 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 16 | 7.28 | 7.32 | 7.32 |
NGC 2004-042 | NGC 2004-046 | NGC 2004-053 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 82 | 7.77 | 7.81 | 7.81 | 29 | 7.45 | 7.44 | 7.47 | 17 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.84 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 165 | 7.62 | 7.64 | 7.64 | 95 | 7.52 | 7.50 | 7.52 | 76 | 7.93 | 7.89 | 7.83 |
C II | 6578.05 | 147 | 7.91 | 7.96 | 7.96 | 62 | 7.58 | 7.54 | 7.56 | 37 | 7.81 | 7.80 | 7.71 |
C II | 6582.88 | 111 | 7.86 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 48 | 7.61 | 7.58 | 7.60 | 21 | 7.76 | 7.76 | 7.67 |
N II | 3955.85 | 13 | 7.43 | 7.41 | 7.44 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 37 | 6.87 | 6.89 | 6.88 | 81 | 7.59 | 7.52 | 7.54 | 50 | 7.74 | 7.70 | 7.63 |
N II | 4447.03 | 42 | 7.51 | 7.47 | 7.49 | ||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 33 | 7.88 | 7.83 | 7.86 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 25 | 6.92 | 6.93 | 6.92 | 68 | 7.69 | 7.61 | 7.64 | 35 | 7.71 | 7.66 | 7.61 |
N II | 4643.08 | 34 | 7.61 | 7.58 | 7.61 | 16 | 7.75 | 7.73 | 7.67 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 34 | 8.27 | 8.29 | 8.28 | 68 | 8.39 | 8.34 | 8.35 | 50 | 8.38 | 8.34 | 8.29 |
O II | 3945.04 | 17 | 8.09 | 8.10 | 8.09 | 48 | 8.48 | 8.42 | 8.43 | 31 | 8.47 | 8.43 | 8.39 |
O II | 3954.36 | 26 | 8.05 | 8.07 | 8.06 | 60 | 8.33 | 8.26 | 8.27 | 49 | 8.42 | 8.36 | 8.32 |
O II | 3982.71 | 44 | 8.43 | 8.38 | 8.39 | 29 | 8.44 | 8.41 | 8.36 | ||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 58 | 8.05 | 8.08 | 8.07 | 144 | 8.53 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 145 | 8.65 | 8.52 | 8.49 |
O II | 4072.15 | 36 | 7.91 | 7.95 | 7.93 | 93 | 8.53 | 8.35 | 8.35 | 66 | 8.18 | 8.07 | 8.04 |
O II | 4075.86 | 55 | 8.15 | 8.20 | 8.18 | 98 | 8.40 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 82 | 8.21 | 8.06 | 8.04 |
O II | 4078.84 | 12 | 8.00 | 8.01 | 8.00 | 33 | 8.31 | 8.25 | 8.26 | 40 | 8.70 | 8.61 | 8.57 |
O II | 4132.80 | 54 | 8.51 | 8.43 | 8.43 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | 16 | 8.35 | 8.33 | 8.34 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 34 | 8.23 | 8.25 | 8.24 | 75 | 8.66 | 8.53 | 8.54 | 55 | 8.70 | 8.63 | 8.57 |
O II | 4319.63 | 28 | 8.07 | 8.09 | 8.08 | 74 | 8.63 | 8.51 | 8.52 | 60 | 8.77 | 8.69 | 8.62 |
O II | 4325.76 | 27 | 8.54 | 8.50 | 8.52 | ||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 120 | 9.07 | 8.82 | 8.83 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 79 | 8.32 | 8.26 | 8.26 | 55 | 8.09 | 8.04 | 8.01 | ||||
O II | 4353.58 | 12 | 8.20 | 8.18 | 8.16 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 33 | 8.13 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 74 | 8.57 | 8.43 | 8.44 | 58 | 8.67 | 8.60 | 8.53 |
O II | 4369.27 | 12 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 8.17 | ||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 54 | 8.81 | 8.72 | 8.73 | 30 | 8.51 | 8.48 | 8.45 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | 47 | 8.04 | 8.07 | 8.06 | 111 | 8.49 | 8.38 | 8.39 | 79 | 8.49 | 8.41 | 8.35 |
O II | 4416.98 | 38 | 8.15 | 8.19 | 8.18 | 100 | 8.70 | 8.57 | 8.58 | 69 | 8.62 | 8.54 | 8.48 |
O II | 4452.38 | 23 | 8.53 | 8.56 | 8.55 | 48 | 8.70 | 8.64 | 8.65 | 25 | 8.65 | 8.63 | 8.56 |
O II | 4590.97 | 91 | 8.59 | 8.45 | 8.46 | 69 | 8.45 | 8.35 | 8.31 | ||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 87 | 8.53 | 8.44 | 8.45 | 59 | 8.42 | 8.36 | 8.30 | ||||
O II | 4638.86 | 42 | 8.36 | 8.39 | 8.38 | 86 | 8.61 | 8.50 | 8.50 | 73 | 8.77 | 8.67 | 8.61 |
O II | 4641.81 | 52 | 8.11 | 8.16 | 8.14 | 118 | 8.60 | 8.42 | 8.43 | 107 | 8.73 | 8.57 | 8.52 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 36 | 8.16 | 8.19 | 8.18 | 85 | 8.52 | 8.41 | 8.42 | 72 | 8.69 | 8.59 | 8.53 |
O II | 4673.73 | 37 | 8.73 | 8.68 | 8.69 | 30 | 9.01 | 8.97 | 8.89 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 68 | 8.39 | 8.31 | 8.32 | 49 | 8.52 | 8.48 | 8.41 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 77 | 8.22 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 61 | 8.30 | 8.29 | 8.23 | ||||
O II | 4705.35 | 61 | 8.17 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 57 | 8.30 | 8.25 | 8.20 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | 38 | 8.83 | 8.76 | 8.76 | 26 | 8.67 | 8.63 | 8.60 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 134 | 7.09 | 7.13 | 7.14 | 76 | 7.05 | 7.01 | 7.02 | 80 | 7.31 | 7.25 | 7.24 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 27 | 7.04 | 7.09 | 7.10 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 41 | 7.17 | 7.25 | 7.26 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 111 | 7.15 | 7.25 | 7.24 | 129 | 7.36 | 7.10 | 7.13 | 103 | 7.37 | 7.13 | 7.09 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 83 | 7.04 | 7.13 | 7.12 | 113 | 7.43 | 7.19 | 7.21 | 89 | 7.46 | 7.26 | 7.21 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 55 | 7.14 | 7.21 | 7.20 | 79 | 7.50 | 7.30 | 7.33 | 45 | 7.41 | 7.30 | 7.23 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 54 | 7.43 | 7.26 | 7.22 | 133 | 7.41 | 6.98 | 7.18 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 22 | 7.17 | 7.21 | 7.20 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 2004-061 | NGC 2004-064 | NGC 2004-070 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 84 | 7.97 | 7.90 | 7.90 | ||||||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 175 | 7.78 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 94 | 7.50 | 7.48 | 7.49 | 88 | 7.59 | 7.56 | 7.58 |
C II | 6578.05 | 138 | 7.98 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 47 | 7.37 | 7.35 | 7.36 | 67 | 7.75 | 7.67 | 7.68 |
C II | 6582.88 | 110 | 7.97 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 40 | 7.48 | 7.46 | 7.47 | 47 | 7.71 | 7.66 | 7.68 |
N II | 3955.85 | 17 | 7.56 | 7.53 | 7.55 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 41 | 6.95 | 6.93 | 6.94 | 96 | 7.65 | 7.54 | 7.56 | 82 | 7.70 | 7.58 | 7.59 |
N II | 4447.03 | 18 | 6.99 | 6.98 | 6.99 | 46 | 7.52 | 7.47 | 7.48 | 34 | 7.45 | 7.40 | 7.42 |
N II | 4601.48 | 31 | 7.52 | 7.48 | 7.50 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 33 | 7.05 | 7.04 | 7.05 | 45 | 7.44 | 7.38 | 7.40 | ||||
N II | 4643.08 | 34 | 7.56 | 7.52 | 7.54 | 17 | 7.32 | 7.31 | 7.33 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 28 | 8.09 | 8.07 | 8.09 | 27 | 7.70 | 7.68 | 7.68 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | 52 | 8.44 | 8.37 | 8.37 | 53 | 8.55 | 8.45 | 8.45 | ||||
O II | 3954.36 | 36 | 8.27 | 8.24 | 8.26 | 68 | 8.31 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 62 | 8.34 | 8.23 | 8.22 |
O II | 3982.71 | 18 | 8.12 | 8.10 | 8.12 | 54 | 8.48 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 51 | 8.54 | 8.44 | 8.44 |
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 71 | 8.23 | 8.19 | 8.21 | 169 | 8.55 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 180 | 8.84 | 8.56 | 8.55 |
O II | 4072.15 | 54 | 8.36 | 8.30 | 8.32 | 113 | 8.55 | 8.30 | 8.29 | 127 | 9.06 | 8.63 | 8.62 |
O II | 4075.86 | 65 | 8.41 | 8.34 | 8.37 | 112 | 8.32 | 8.09 | 8.08 | 133 | 8.92 | 8.49 | 8.48 |
O II | 4078.84 | 18 | 8.23 | 8.20 | 8.22 | 35 | 8.26 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 51 | 8.70 | 8.54 | 8.53 |
O II | 4132.80 | 54 | 8.47 | 8.34 | 8.33 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 32 | 8.15 | 8.12 | 8.14 | 88 | 8.65 | 8.49 | 8.49 | 90 | 8.92 | 8.64 | 8.64 |
O II | 4319.63 | 39 | 8.33 | 8.29 | 8.32 | 103 | 8.87 | 8.66 | 8.66 | 103 | 9.16 | 8.81 | 8.81 |
O II | 4325.76 | 43 | 8.82 | 8.73 | 8.74 | 42 | 8.93 | 8.80 | 8.80 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | 137 | 8.90 | 8.61 | 8.62 | 117 | 9.00 | 8.59 | 8.59 | ||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 91 | 8.32 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 86 | 8.33 | 8.21 | 8.20 | ||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 30 | 8.05 | 8.02 | 8.04 | 87 | 8.54 | 8.38 | 8.39 | 88 | 8.80 | 8.52 | 8.51 |
O II | 4369.27 | 14 | 8.02 | 8.01 | 8.01 | 25 | 8.36 | 8.32 | 8.31 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 35 | 8.35 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 50 | 8.69 | 8.57 | 8.56 | ||||
O II | 4414.90 | 63 | 8.35 | 8.30 | 8.32 | 128 | 8.47 | 8.33 | 8.33 | 131 | 8.69 | 8.46 | 8.46 |
O II | 4416.98 | 53 | 8.49 | 8.44 | 8.46 | 125 | 8.76 | 8.58 | 8.58 | 119 | 8.90 | 8.65 | 8.64 |
O II | 4452.38 | 37 | 8.91 | 8.87 | 8.90 | 49 | 8.61 | 8.55 | 8.55 | 48 | 8.69 | 8.59 | 8.59 |
O II | 4590.97 | 112 | 8.62 | 8.44 | 8.43 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 91 | 8.42 | 8.32 | 8.31 | ||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | 46 | 8.44 | 8.39 | 8.42 | 107 | 8.67 | 8.51 | 8.51 | 119 | 9.08 | 8.76 | 8.75 |
O II | 4641.81 | 66 | 8.39 | 8.32 | 8.35 | 154 | 8.70 | 8.45 | 8.45 | 95 | 8.26 | 8.06 | 8.05 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 44 | 8.33 | 8.28 | 8.31 | 105 | 8.57 | 8.41 | 8.41 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | 40 | 8.69 | 8.63 | 8.63 | ||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 87 | 8.49 | 8.37 | 8.38 | ||||||||
O II | 4699.00 | 75 | 8.14 | 8.11 | 8.11 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 74 | 8.23 | 8.15 | 8.15 | ||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | 51 | 8.95 | 8.85 | 8.85 | ||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 125 | 7.20 | 7.14 | 7.13 | 90 | 7.12 | 7.06 | 7.08 | 86 | 7.23 | 7.14 | 7.15 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 33 | 7.49 | 7.39 | 7.38 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 28 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 6.95 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 99 | 7.22 | 7.10 | 7.12 | 174 | 7.45 | 7.09 | 7.10 | 139 | 7.55 | 7.09 | 7.09 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 82 | 7.23 | 7.11 | 7.13 | 152 | 7.51 | 7.18 | 7.19 | 124 | 7.65 | 7.20 | 7.21 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 58 | 7.35 | 7.25 | 7.27 | 97 | 7.45 | 7.23 | 7.24 | 81 | 7.60 | 7.27 | 7.28 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 75 | 7.49 | 7.24 | 7.18 | 77 | 7.61 | 7.26 | 7.20 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 30 | 7.53 | 7.44 | 7.44 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 2004-084 | NGC 2004-090 | NGC 2004-091 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 36 | 7.71 | 7.68 | 7.71 | 60 | 8.02 | 8.04 | 8.04 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 96 | 7.64 | 7.61 | 7.64 | 41 | 7.53 | 7.54 | 7.63 | 125 | 7.80 | 7.81 | 7.80 |
C II | 6578.05 | 76 | 7.85 | 7.77 | 7.80 | 100 | 8.04 | 8.09 | 8.08 | ||||
C II | 6582.88 | 59 | 7.88 | 7.82 | 7.84 | 82 | 8.10 | 8.14 | 8.13 | ||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 35 | 7.00 | 6.98 | 6.99 | 40 | 7.59 | 7.62 | 7.72 | 50 | 7.19 | 7.21 | 7.21 |
N II | 4447.03 | 20 | 7.43 | 7.45 | 7.51 | 33 | 7.38 | 7.40 | 7.39 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 18 | 7.58 | 7.55 | 7.57 | 15 | 7.42 | 7.43 | 7.43 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 36 | 7.29 | 7.26 | 7.28 | 30 | 7.60 | 7.64 | 7.73 | 34 | 7.19 | 7.21 | 7.20 |
N II | 4643.08 | 15 | 7.24 | 7.23 | 7.26 | 16 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 7.22 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 79 | 8.51 | 8.43 | 8.42 | 45 | 8.32 | 8.35 | 8.42 | 66 | 8.37 | 8.40 | 8.40 |
O II | 3945.04 | 62 | 8.71 | 8.61 | 8.60 | 15 | 8.06 | 8.08 | 8.15 | 42 | 8.38 | 8.41 | 8.41 |
O II | 3954.36 | 75 | 8.55 | 8.43 | 8.42 | 29 | 8.08 | 8.11 | 8.18 | 55 | 8.26 | 8.29 | 8.30 |
O II | 3982.71 | 50 | 8.54 | 8.46 | 8.45 | 22 | 8.27 | 8.29 | 8.38 | 33 | 8.25 | 8.26 | 8.27 |
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 168 | 8.73 | 8.53 | 8.51 | 126 | 8.51 | 8.61 | 8.68 | 121 | 8.26 | 8.31 | 8.31 |
O II | 4072.15 | 93 | 8.48 | 8.25 | 8.23 | 65 | 8.18 | 8.29 | 8.36 | 70 | 8.07 | 8.12 | 8.13 |
O II | 4075.86 | 109 | 8.54 | 8.26 | 8.25 | 66 | 8.01 | 8.12 | 8.19 | 92 | 8.22 | 8.31 | 8.31 |
O II | 4078.84 | 33 | 8.29 | 8.22 | 8.21 | 18 | 8.17 | 8.21 | 8.29 | 37 | 8.40 | 8.43 | 8.43 |
O II | 4132.80 | 54 | 8.47 | 8.37 | 8.36 | 24 | 8.13 | 8.15 | 8.22 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | 24 | 8.60 | 8.58 | 8.58 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 85 | 8.83 | 8.62 | 8.61 | 45 | 8.58 | 8.62 | 8.72 | 62 | 8.39 | 8.43 | 8.44 |
O II | 4319.63 | 79 | 8.71 | 8.53 | 8.52 | 40 | 8.51 | 8.54 | 8.63 | 53 | 8.22 | 8.26 | 8.26 |
O II | 4325.76 | 23 | 8.44 | 8.41 | 8.40 | 22 | 8.42 | 8.44 | 8.44 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | 120 | 9.02 | 9.15 | 9.16 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 80 | 8.30 | 8.20 | 8.18 | 76 | 8.30 | 8.33 | 8.34 | ||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 94 | 8.91 | 8.66 | 8.65 | 43 | 8.49 | 8.54 | 8.63 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | 52 | 8.73 | 8.63 | 8.62 | 24 | 8.41 | 8.43 | 8.48 | 35 | 8.42 | 8.45 | 8.45 |
O II | 4414.90 | 120 | 8.58 | 8.42 | 8.40 | 67 | 8.38 | 8.43 | 8.53 | 100 | 8.35 | 8.40 | 8.40 |
O II | 4416.98 | 99 | 8.66 | 8.50 | 8.49 | 51 | 8.43 | 8.48 | 8.57 | 78 | 8.38 | 8.43 | 8.44 |
O II | 4452.38 | 46 | 8.65 | 8.58 | 8.57 | 40 | 8.55 | 8.57 | 8.58 | ||||
O II | 4590.97 | 98 | 8.67 | 8.46 | 8.45 | 51 | 8.22 | 8.28 | 8.36 | 67 | 8.20 | 8.24 | 8.25 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 90 | 8.54 | 8.43 | 8.41 | 43 | 8.21 | 8.25 | 8.34 | 62 | 8.20 | 8.23 | 8.23 |
O II | 4638.86 | 102 | 8.84 | 8.64 | 8.62 | 48 | 8.47 | 8.51 | 8.61 | 73 | 8.41 | 8.46 | 8.46 |
O II | 4641.81 | 132 | 8.77 | 8.49 | 8.48 | 98 | 8.30 | 8.38 | 8.38 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 55 | 8.50 | 8.56 | 8.65 | 69 | 8.28 | 8.32 | 8.33 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | 15 | 8.62 | 8.63 | 8.75 | 23 | 8.41 | 8.42 | 8.43 | ||||
O II | 4676.23 | 42 | 7.96 | 7.91 | 7.90 | 38 | 8.39 | 8.41 | 8.51 | 60 | 8.27 | 8.31 | 8.31 |
O II | 4699.00 | 84 | 8.25 | 8.21 | 8.20 | 48 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.25 | 55 | 7.99 | 8.00 | 8.01 |
O II | 4705.35 | 90 | 8.53 | 8.41 | 8.39 | 47 | 8.19 | 8.23 | 8.29 | 49 | 7.99 | 8.01 | 8.01 |
O II | 4710.00 | 15 | 8.40 | 8.42 | 8.47 | 36 | 8.77 | 8.80 | 8.81 | ||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 87 | 7.22 | 7.15 | 7.17 | 44 | 6.91 | 6.94 | 6.97 | 98 | 7.26 | 7.29 | 7.29 |
Si II | 4128.05 | ||||||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | ||||||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 138 | 7.54 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 68 | 6.93 | 7.09 | 7.19 | 120 | 7.18 | 7.30 | 7.30 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 118 | 7.57 | 7.23 | 7.23 | 51 | 6.94 | 7.05 | 7.15 | 94 | 7.10 | 7.21 | 7.21 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 80 | 7.58 | 7.32 | 7.33 | 23 | 6.94 | 7.00 | 7.12 | 63 | 7.19 | 7.27 | 7.27 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 68 | 7.57 | 7.31 | 7.25 | 101 | 6.93 | 7.24 | 7.16 | 44 | 7.16 | 7.24 | 7.26 |
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 2004-108 | NGC 2004-119 | ||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 58 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 7.67 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 103 | 7.29 | 7.29 | 7.29 | 123 | 7.48 | 7.48 | 7.48 |
C II | 6578.05 | 86 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 95 | 7.71 | 7.71 | 7.71 |
C II | 6582.88 | 70 | 7.66 | 7.66 | 7.66 | ||||
N II | 3955.85 | 7 | 6.97 | 6.97 | 6.97 | ||||
N II | 3995.00 | 36 | 6.94 | 6.94 | 6.94 | 40 | 6.91 | 6.91 | 6.91 |
N II | 4447.03 | 13 | 6.91 | 6.91 | 6.91 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 18 | 6.83 | 6.83 | 6.83 | ||||
N II | 4643.08 | 13 | 6.96 | 6.96 | 6.96 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 32 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 50 | 8.39 | 8.39 | 8.39 |
O II | 3945.04 | 20 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 36 | 8.46 | 8.46 | 8.46 |
O II | 3954.36 | 35 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 8.41 | 46 | 8.35 | 8.35 | 8.35 |
O II | 3982.71 | 15 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 25 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 8.23 |
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 63 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 88 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.24 |
O II | 4072.15 | 36 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 53 | 8.10 | 8.10 | 8.10 |
O II | 4075.86 | 47 | 8.10 | 8.10 | 8.10 | 67 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.20 |
O II | 4078.84 | 12 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 21 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.18 |
O II | 4132.80 | 16 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 37 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 8.43 |
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 32 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 63 | 8.69 | 8.69 | 8.69 |
O II | 4319.63 | 35 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 60 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 8.62 |
O II | 4325.76 | 21 | 8.54 | 8.54 | 8.54 | ||||
O II | 4349.43 | 35 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 63 | 8.40 | 8.40 | 8.40 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 24 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 38 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.08 |
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 27 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 49 | 8.34 | 8.34 | 8.34 |
O II | 4369.27 | 15 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | ||||
O II | 4395.94 | 21 | 8.57 | 8.57 | 8.57 | 43 | 8.89 | 8.89 | 8.89 |
O II | 4414.90 | 52 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 65 | 8.17 | 8.17 | 8.17 |
O II | 4416.98 | 46 | 8.42 | 8.42 | 8.42 | ||||
O II | 4452.38 | 15 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 33 | 8.62 | 8.62 | 8.62 |
O II | 4590.97 | 29 | 8.11 | 8.11 | 8.11 | 46 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.18 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 32 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 59 | 8.47 | 8.47 | 8.47 |
O II | 4638.86 | 35 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 52 | 8.36 | 8.36 | 8.36 |
O II | 4641.81 | 47 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 66 | 8.17 | 8.17 | 8.17 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 35 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 53 | 8.31 | 8.31 | 8.31 |
O II | 4673.73 | 11 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 8.38 | 18 | 8.43 | 8.43 | 8.43 |
O II | 4676.23 | 26 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 46 | 8.29 | 8.29 | 8.29 |
O II | 4699.00 | 24 | 7.97 | 7.97 | 7.97 | 40 | 8.03 | 8.03 | 8.03 |
O II | 4705.35 | 30 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 38 | 8.08 | 8.08 | 8.08 |
O II | 4710.00 | 13 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 8.63 | 21 | 8.68 | 8.68 | 8.68 |
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 98 | 6.99 | 6.99 | 6.99 | 108 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 7.17 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 20 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 19 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.20 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 18 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 22 | 7.07 | 7.07 | 7.07 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 76 | 6.95 | 6.95 | 6.95 | 100 | 7.09 | 7.09 | 7.09 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 62 | 6.97 | 6.97 | 6.97 | 85 | 7.13 | 7.13 | 7.13 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 39 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 58 | 7.21 | 7.21 | 7.21 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 19 | 7.35 | 7.35 | 7.35 | 22 | 7.34 | 7.34 | 7.34 |
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-002 | NGC 330-003 | NGC 330-004 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 33 | 7.01 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 75 | 7.36 | 7.33 | 7.32 | 31 | 6.87 | 6.87 | 6.87 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 82 | 7.08 | 7.09 | 7.09 | 134 | 7.28 | 7.25 | 7.25 | 62 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 6.84 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 56 | 7.45 | 7.48 | 7.49 | 150 | 7.73 | 7.64 | 7.62 | 146 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 7.75 |
N II | 4447.03 | 23 | 7.69 | 7.71 | 7.70 | 68 | 7.79 | 7.75 | 7.74 | 64 | 7.80 | 7.80 | 7.80 |
N II | 4601.48 | 18 | 7.60 | 7.62 | 7.61 | 52 | 7.70 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 64 | 7.87 | 7.87 | 7.87 |
N II | 4613.86 | 11 | 7.60 | 7.61 | 7.59 | 34 | 7.69 | 7.67 | 7.67 | 41 | 7.85 | 7.85 | 7.85 |
N II | 4630.54 | 36 | 7.54 | 7.56 | 7.56 | 118 | 7.75 | 7.68 | 7.67 | 126 | 7.86 | 7.86 | 7.86 |
N II | 4643.08 | 18 | 7.64 | 7.65 | 7.64 | 66 | 7.84 | 7.80 | 7.80 | 70 | 7.91 | 7.91 | 7.91 |
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 27 | 8.16 | 8.12 | 8.12 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | 19 | 8.15 | 8.13 | 8.13 | ||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | 14 | 8.33 | 8.35 | 8.34 | 18 | 7.80 | 7.78 | 7.78 | 15 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 7.79 |
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 12 | 7.86 | 7.87 | 7.86 | 61 | 8.04 | 7.98 | 7.98 | 36 | 7.81 | 7.81 | 7.81 |
O II | 4072.15 | 14 | 8.00 | 8.02 | 8.01 | 56 | 8.08 | 7.99 | 7.99 | 32 | 7.81 | 7.81 | 7.81 |
O II | 4075.86 | 15 | 7.89 | 7.92 | 7.91 | 70 | 8.07 | 7.98 | 7.97 | 38 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 7.75 |
O II | 4078.84 | 3 | 8.00 | 8.01 | 7.99 | 8 | 7.80 | 7.77 | 7.78 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 9 | 8.08 | 8.09 | 8.06 | 43 | 8.31 | 8.27 | 8.26 | 19 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 7.89 |
O II | 4319.63 | 10 | 8.16 | 8.17 | 8.15 | 46 | 8.35 | 8.30 | 8.30 | 23 | 7.98 | 7.98 | 7.98 |
O II | 4325.76 | 6 | 7.97 | 7.96 | 7.96 | ||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 11 | 7.88 | 7.88 | 7.86 | 71 | 8.29 | 8.23 | 8.22 | 35 | 7.88 | 7.88 | 7.88 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 22 | 7.85 | 7.83 | 7.83 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 46 | 8.28 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 19 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 13 | 7.85 | 7.86 | 7.86 | 70 | 8.19 | 8.10 | 8.10 | 41 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 7.89 |
O II | 4416.98 | 12 | 8.05 | 8.07 | 8.06 | 49 | 8.18 | 8.11 | 8.11 | 31 | 7.95 | 7.95 | 7.95 |
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 33 | 8.04 | 8.00 | 8.00 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 26 | 8.00 | 7.97 | 7.98 | ||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | 5 | 7.82 | 7.83 | 7.81 | 43 | 8.20 | 8.15 | 8.15 | 19 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 |
O II | 4641.81 | 13 | 7.88 | 7.89 | 7.88 | 82 | 8.22 | 8.15 | 8.14 | 40 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 7.84 |
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 173 | 8.32 | 8.24 | 8.23 | 79 | 7.87 | 7.87 | 7.87 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | 8 | 7.94 | 7.95 | 7.93 | 50 | 8.23 | 8.17 | 8.17 | 24 | 7.89 | 7.89 | 7.89 |
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 8 | 8.07 | 8.08 | 8.06 | 43 | 8.26 | 8.21 | 8.21 | 17 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 |
O II | 4699.00 | 17 | 7.87 | 7.86 | 7.87 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 27 | 8.09 | 8.05 | 8.06 | ||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 175 | 6.55 | 6.57 | 6.60 | 131 | 6.82 | 6.80 | 6.79 | 128 | 6.73 | 6.73 | 6.73 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 75 | 6.80 | 6.82 | 6.86 | 41 | 6.91 | 6.87 | 6.85 | 40 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 6.81 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 85 | 6.68 | 6.71 | 6.75 | 52 | 6.87 | 6.82 | 6.80 | 48 | 6.71 | 6.71 | 6.71 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 66 | 6.79 | 6.83 | 6.84 | 185 | 6.94 | 6.79 | 6.77 | 150 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 6.82 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 47 | 6.77 | 6.81 | 6.82 | 146 | 6.96 | 6.82 | 6.81 | 114 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 6.82 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 21 | 6.77 | 6.79 | 6.79 | 77 | 6.95 | 6.86 | 6.85 | 56 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 6.81 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 12 | 6.70 | 6.71 | 6.70 | 29 | 6.90 | 6.88 | 6.87 | 24 | 6.83 | 6.83 | 6.83 |
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-005 | NGC 330-009 | NGC 330-010 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 17 | 6.88 | 6.88 | 6.88 | 27 | 7.14 | 7.22 | 7.24 | 29 | 7.09 | 7.20 | 7.21 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 33 | 6.77 | 6.77 | 6.77 | 48 | 6.99 | 7.04 | 7.05 | 64 | 7.07 | 7.15 | 7.17 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 25 | 7.41 | 7.41 | 7.41 | 16 | 7.11 | 7.17 | 7.19 | 16 | 6.96 | 7.04 | 7.06 |
N II | 4447.03 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | 7 | 7.51 | 7.51 | 7.51 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 13 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 8 | 7.16 | 7.19 | 7.21 | 10 | 7.14 | 7.19 | 7.21 |
N II | 4643.08 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 6 | 7.98 | 8.02 | 8.05 | ||||||||
O II | 4072.15 | 9 | 8.31 | 8.41 | 8.44 | 4 | 7.65 | 7.72 | 7.75 | ||||
O II | 4075.86 | 5 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 11 | 8.29 | 8.39 | 8.42 | 5 | 7.59 | 7.67 | 7.69 |
O II | 4078.84 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4319.63 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4416.98 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4641.81 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 8 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 8 | 7.63 | 7.68 | 7.70 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4699.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 193 | 6.58 | 6.58 | 6.58 | 202 | 6.57 | 6.67 | 6.66 | 161 | 6.52 | 6.64 | 6.63 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 74 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 68 | 6.67 | 6.87 | 6.87 | 54 | 6.65 | 6.92 | 6.90 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 78 | 6.68 | 6.68 | 6.68 | 74 | 6.54 | 6.75 | 6.74 | 56 | 6.49 | 6.73 | 6.72 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 27 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 24 | 6.69 | 6.84 | 6.86 | 29 | 6.66 | 6.87 | 6.90 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 18 | 6.79 | 6.79 | 6.79 | 15 | 6.62 | 6.73 | 6.76 | 20 | 6.64 | 6.81 | 6.84 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 9 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 9 | 6.65 | 6.77 | 6.79 | ||||
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-014 | NGC 330-016 | NGC 330-017 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 22 | 7.01 | 7.12 | 7.12 | 34 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.20 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 67 | 6.93 | 6.93 | 6.94 | 69 | 7.24 | 7.36 | 7.36 | 75 | 7.07 | 7.07 | 7.07 |
C II | 6578.05 | 59 | 7.24 | 7.24 | 7.24 | ||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | 46 | 7.27 | 7.27 | 7.27 | ||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 157 | 7.53 | 7.45 | 7.47 | 15 | 7.08 | 7.17 | 7.18 | 49 | 7.04 | 7.04 | 7.04 |
N II | 4447.03 | 69 | 7.57 | 7.53 | 7.54 | 24 | 7.12 | 7.12 | 7.12 | ||||
N II | 4601.48 | 64 | 7.64 | 7.61 | 7.61 | 20 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 7.18 | ||||
N II | 4613.86 | 35 | 7.53 | 7.52 | 7.52 | 16 | 7.28 | 7.28 | 7.28 | ||||
N II | 4630.54 | 113 | 7.50 | 7.45 | 7.46 | 39 | 7.12 | 7.12 | 7.12 | ||||
N II | 4643.08 | 20 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 7.15 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 40 | 8.04 | 8.01 | 8.00 | 28 | 7.99 | 7.99 | 7.99 | ||||
O II | 3945.04 | 38 | 8.24 | 8.22 | 8.21 | 11 | 7.70 | 7.70 | 7.70 | ||||
O II | 3954.36 | 21 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 7.75 | ||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 129 | 8.24 | 8.17 | 8.16 | 5 | 7.83 | 7.87 | 7.89 | 54 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 7.84 |
O II | 4072.15 | 101 | 8.17 | 8.07 | 8.06 | 26 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.50 | ||||
O II | 4075.86 | 115 | 8.10 | 7.99 | 7.98 | 8 | 8.10 | 8.24 | 8.25 | 36 | 7.58 | 7.58 | 7.58 |
O II | 4078.84 | 24 | 8.07 | 8.03 | 8.02 | 11 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 7.79 | ||||
O II | 4132.80 | 31 | 8.07 | 8.03 | 8.02 | 15 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 | ||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 70 | 8.32 | 8.26 | 8.25 | 17 | 7.56 | 7.56 | 7.56 | ||||
O II | 4319.63 | 78 | 8.39 | 8.33 | 8.32 | 23 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 7.75 | ||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 34 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 7.75 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 19 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 7.59 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 70 | 8.24 | 8.18 | 8.17 | 17 | 7.51 | 7.51 | 7.51 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 99 | 8.10 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 25 | 7.41 | 7.41 | 7.41 | ||||
O II | 4416.98 | 63 | 8.02 | 7.97 | 7.96 | 22 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 7.60 | ||||
O II | 4452.38 | 34 | 8.41 | 8.37 | 8.36 | ||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 71 | 8.19 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 16 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 7.45 | ||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 62 | 8.22 | 8.17 | 8.14 | 18 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 7.63 | ||||
O II | 4638.86 | 82 | 8.31 | 8.25 | 8.24 | 21 | 7.63 | 7.63 | 7.63 | ||||
O II | 4641.81 | 35 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 7.59 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 60 | 7.51 | 7.51 | 7.51 | ||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 85 | 8.26 | 8.21 | 8.20 | 20 | 7.56 | 7.56 | 7.56 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 69 | 8.25 | 8.20 | 8.19 | 21 | 7.69 | 7.69 | 7.69 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 31 | 7.87 | 7.86 | 7.84 | 13 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 7.45 | ||||
O II | 4705.35 | 43 | 8.02 | 7.99 | 7.97 | 17 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 7.60 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 92 | 6.72 1 | 6.70 | 6.72 | 200 | 6.57 | 6.77 | 6.69 | 47 | 6.47 | 6.47 | 6.47 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 64 | 6.63 | 7.02 | 6.90 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | 65 | 6.46 | 6.80 | 6.69 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 247 | 6.94 | 6.77 | 6.78 | 22 | 6.63 | 6.86 | 6.84 | 77 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 6.75 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 200 | 6.97 | 6.82 | 6.83 | 15 | 6.60 | 6.78 | 6.78 | 61 | 6.72 | 6.72 | 6.72 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 107 | 6.96 | 6.88 | 6.88 | 37 | 6.74 | 6.74 | 6.74 | ||||
Si IV | 4116.10 | 29 | 6.96 | 6.89 | 6.83 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 14 | 6.90 | 6.90 | 6.90 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-018 | NGC 330-020 | NGC 330-022 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 57 | 7.37 | 7.37 | 7.37 | 27 | 7.04 | 6.95 | 6.95 | 37 | 7.03 | 7.09 | 7.12 |
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 103 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 7.17 | 77 | 7.14 | 7.06 | 7.05 | 95 | 7.10 | 7.13 | 7.14 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 50 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 7.31 | 23 | 7.08 | 6.96 | 6.93 | 51 | 7.19 | 7.31 | 7.30 |
N II | 4447.03 | 16 | 7.13 | 7.17 | 7.12 | ||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | 17 | 7.30 | 7.35 | 7.30 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 14 | 7.39 | 7.44 | 7.39 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 27 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 7.18 | 16 | 7.23 | 7.15 | 7.10 | 32 | 7.19 | 7.27 | 7.23 |
N II | 4643.08 | 19 | 7.35 | 7.40 | 7.35 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 35 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 17 | 8.15 | 8.05 | 7.96 | 26 | 7.77 | 7.83 | 7.74 |
O II | 4072.15 | 22 | 7.99 | 7.99 | 7.99 | 11 | 8.04 | 7.90 | 7.85 | 20 | 7.75 | 7.86 | 7.78 |
O II | 4075.86 | 30 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 14 | 8.04 | 7.88 | 7.84 | 28 | 7.81 | 7.95 | 7.88 |
O II | 4078.84 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4319.63 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 18 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 18 | 7.75 | 7.81 | 7.71 | ||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 14 | 7.80 | 7.86 | 7.78 | ||||||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 27 | 8.05 | 8.05 | 8.05 | ||||||||
O II | 4416.98 | 24 | 8.26 | 8.26 | 8.26 | ||||||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4638.86 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4641.81 | 21 | 7.69 | 7.78 | 7.69 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 45 | 7.94 | 7.94 | 7.94 | 15 | 7.72 | 7.64 | 7.55 | 41 | 7.71 | 7.79 | 7.70 |
O II | 4661.63 | 14 | 7.80 | 7.85 | 7.76 | ||||||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4699.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 108 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 134 | 6.73 | 6.55 | 6.64 | 110 | 6.64 | 6.73 | 6.85 |
Si II | 4128.05 | 31 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 47 | 7.18 | 6.76 | 6.92 | 24 | 6.57 | 6.69 | 6.84 |
Si II | 4130.89 | 41 | 6.74 | 6.74 | 6.74 | 48 | 6.92 | 6.56 | 6.72 | 30 | 6.50 | 6.63 | 6.80 |
Si III | 4552.62 | 64 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 44 | 7.07 | 6.72 | 6.77 | 66 | 6.60 | 6.89 | 6.95 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 49 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 37 | 7.14 | 6.82 | 6.85 | 46 | 6.54 | 6.76 | 6.79 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 26 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 20 | 7.11 | 6.88 | 6.88 | 25 | 6.60 | 6.75 | 6.74 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | 23 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 7.15 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-026 | NGC 330-027 | NGC 330-032 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 39 | 7.33 | 7.33 | 7.33 | ||||||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 97 | 7.3 | 7.30 | 7.30 | 82 | 7.13 | 7.13 | 7.13 | 34 | 7.16 | 7.16 | 7.16 |
C II | 6578.05 | 80 | 7.47 | 7.47 | 7.47 | ||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | 64 | 7.5 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 22 | 7.44 | 7.44 | 7.44 | ||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 78 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 7.45 | 10 | 7.43 | 7.38 | 7.38 | 43 | 7.33 | 7.33 | 7.33 |
N II | 4447.03 | 24 | 7.38 | 7.38 | 7.38 | ||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | 22 | 7.22 | 7.22 | 7.22 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 34 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 7.01 | 81 | 7.47 | 7.43 | 7.43 | 31 | 7.40 | 7.40 | 7.40 |
N II | 4643.08 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 26 | 7.78 | 7.78 | 7.78 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | 3 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 7.92 | ||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 44 | 7.61 | 7.61 | 7.61 | 141 | 8.46 | 8.42 | 8.41 | 4 | 7.42 | 7.42 | 7.42 |
O II | 4072.15 | 32 | 7.6 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 95 | 8.39 | 8.31 | 8.30 | 53 | 7.80 | 7.80 | 7.80 |
O II | 4075.86 | 44 | 7.7 | 7.70 | 7.70 | 104 | 8.32 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 72 | 7.93 | 7.93 | 7.93 |
O II | 4078.84 | 3 | 8.29 | 8.29 | 8.29 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | 16 | 7.66 | 7.66 | 7.66 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 35 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | ||||||||
O II | 4319.63 | 4 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.09 | ||||||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 65 | 8.24 | 8.24 | 8.24 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 39 | 7.70 | 7.70 | 7.70 | ||||||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 37 | 7.98 | 7.98 | 7.98 | ||||||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 56 | 7.91 | 7.91 | 7.91 | ||||||||
O II | 4416.98 | 47 | 8.04 | 8.04 | 8.04 | ||||||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 54 | 8.06 | 8.03 | 8.02 | 36 | 7.74 | 7.74 | 7.74 | ||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 52 | 8.13 | 8.11 | 8.10 | 33 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 | ||||
O II | 4638.86 | 38 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 41 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | ||||
O II | 4641.81 | 64 | 7.95 | 7.95 | 7.95 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 87 | 7.74 | 7.74 | 7.74 | 218 | 8.36 | 8.29 | 8.28 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | 30 | 7.76 | 7.76 | 7.76 | 79 | 8.34 | 8.30 | 8.29 | 46 | 8.02 | 8.02 | 8.02 |
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 88 | 8.59 | 8.53 | 8.52 | 39 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 37 | 7.82 | 7.82 | 7.82 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 35 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 7.79 | ||||||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 92 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 7.02 | 47 | 6.44 | 6.44 | 6.44 | 41 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 |
Si II | 4128.05 | ||||||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | ||||||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 73 | 6.62 | 6.62 | 6.62 | 145 | 6.87 | 6.77 | 6.76 | 66 | 6.65 | 6.65 | 6.65 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 58 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 123 | 6.94 | 6.85 | 6.84 | 59 | 6.82 | 6.82 | 6.82 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 37 | 6.7 | 6.70 | 6.70 | 68 | 6.88 | 6.83 | 6.83 | 32 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 6.84 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 23 | 6.88 | 6.84 | 6.82 | 49 | 6.77 | 6.77 | 6.77 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-042 | NGC 330-047 | NGC 330-074 | |||||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | ||||||||||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 48 | 7.06 | 7.06 | 7.04 | 54 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 7.20 | 23 | 7.29 | 7.31 | 7.26 |
C II | 6578.05 | 31 | 7.09 | 7.09 | 7.08 | ||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | 22 | 7.12 | 7.11 | 7.10 | ||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 60 | 7.2 | 7.24 | 7.22 | 2 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 6.61 | 25 | 7.32 | 7.30 | 7.26 |
N II | 4447.03 | 29 | 7.21 | 7.23 | 7.21 | ||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | 16 | 7.15 | 7.15 | 7.14 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | 12 | 7.2 | 7.20 | 7.19 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 38 | 7.15 | 7.17 | 7.16 | 2 | 6.91 | 6.91 | 6.91 | 31 | 7.71 | 7.67 | 7.65 |
N II | 4643.08 | 18 | 7.17 | 7.18 | 7.16 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | 5 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | 25 | 7.66 | 7.68 | 7.68 | 45 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 8.14 | ||||
O II | 3982.71 | 24 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 8.07 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 65 | 7.63 | 7.67 | 7.68 | 88 | 7.97 | 7.97 | 7.97 | 77 | 8.07 | 8.01 | 8.00 |
O II | 4072.15 | 49 | 7.62 | 7.68 | 7.69 | 52 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 7.79 | 45 | 7.86 | 7.80 | 7.80 |
O II | 4075.86 | 54 | 7.51 | 7.58 | 7.59 | 65 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 49 | 7.76 | 7.68 | 7.69 |
O II | 4078.84 | 22 | 8.03 | 8.03 | 8.03 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | 34 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 8.14 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 29 | 7.7 | 7.72 | 7.72 | 51 | 8.22 | 8.22 | 8.22 | ||||
O II | 4319.63 | 32 | 7.75 | 7.78 | 7.77 | 54 | 8.28 | 8.28 | 8.28 | ||||
O II | 4325.76 | 16 | 8.23 | 8.23 | 8.23 | ||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 47 | 7.72 | 7.76 | 7.77 | 62 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 8.14 | 46 | 8.25 | 8.22 | 8.19 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 28 | 7.49 | 7.51 | 7.52 | 46 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 38 | 7.83 | 7.79 | 7.79 |
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 26 | 7.58 | 7.60 | 7.60 | 47 | 8.09 | 8.09 | 8.09 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 40 | 7.49 | 7.52 | 7.52 | 78 | 8.13 | 8.13 | 8.13 | ||||
O II | 4416.98 | 67 | 8.15 | 8.22 | 8.23 | 59 | 8.17 | 8.17 | 8.17 | ||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 35 | 7.63 | 7.66 | 7.67 | 51 | 8.01 | 8.01 | 8.01 | 26 | 7.83 | 7.81 | 7.78 |
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 36 | 7.76 | 7.78 | 7.79 | 47 | 8.03 | 8.03 | 8.03 | 24 | 7.89 | 7.88 | 7.85 |
O II | 4638.86 | 39 | 7.8 | 7.83 | 7.83 | 49 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 8.07 | ||||
O II | 4641.81 | 67 | 7.78 | 7.85 | 7.85 | 79 | 8.12 | 8.12 | 8.12 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4661.63 | 45 | 7.82 | 7.86 | 7.87 | 53 | 8.07 | 8.07 | 8.07 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 32 | 7.72 | 7.75 | 7.75 | 53 | 8.20 | 8.20 | 8.20 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | 27 | 7.59 | 7.59 | 7.60 | 46 | 7.90 | 7.90 | 7.90 | ||||
O II | 4705.35 | 35 | 7.73 | 7.75 | 7.76 | 45 | 7.95 | 7.95 | 7.95 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 64 | 6.86 | 6.89 | 6.88 | 37 | 6.57 | 6.57 | 6.57 | 38 | 6.83 | 6.81 | 6.81 |
Si II | 4128.05 | ||||||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | ||||||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 98 | 6.62 | 6.81 | 6.81 | 76 | 6.66 | 6.66 | 6.66 | 75 | 7.01 | 6.81 | 6.87 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 85 | 6.72 | 6.89 | 6.88 | 71 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 49 | 6.88 | 6.75 | 6.77 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 44 | 6.68 | 6.78 | 6.77 | 49 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 24 | 6.94 | 6.86 | 6.85 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 29 | 6.66 | 6.76 | 6.83 | 28 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 91 | 6.95 | 6.62 | 6.83 |
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |
NGC 330-114 | NGC 330-124 | ||||||||
ION | ![]() |
EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) | EW (mÅ) | (1) | (2) | (3) |
C II | 3920.68 | 39 | 7.37 | 7.36 | 7.36 | ||||
C II(B) | 4267.00 | 83 | 7.24 | 7.23 | 7.23 | 54 | 7.57 | 7.57 | 7.55 |
C II | 6578.05 | ||||||||
C II | 6582.88 | ||||||||
N II | 3955.85 | ||||||||
N II | 3995.00 | 53 | 7.10 | 7.08 | 7.08 | 38 | 7.41 | 7.37 | 7.36 |
N II | 4447.03 | ||||||||
N II | 4601.48 | ||||||||
N II | 4613.86 | ||||||||
N II | 4630.54 | 51 | 7.33 | 7.31 | 7.31 | ||||
N II | 4643.08 | 36 | 7.58 | 7.57 | 7.57 | ||||
O II(B) | 3912.00 | ||||||||
O II | 3945.04 | ||||||||
O II | 3954.36 | ||||||||
O II | 3982.71 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4069.00 | 68 | 7.95 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 50 | 7.66 | 7.63 | 7.62 |
O II | 4072.15 | 59 | 8.12 | 8.08 | 8.08 | ||||
O II | 4075.86 | 56 | 7.88 | 7.84 | 7.84 | 56 | 7.78 | 7.70 | 7.70 |
O II | 4078.84 | ||||||||
O II | 4132.80 | ||||||||
O II | 4156.53 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4317.00 | 52 | 8.38 | 8.35 | 8.35 | ||||
O II | 4319.63 | 29 | 7.91 | 7.89 | 7.89 | ||||
O II | 4325.76 | ||||||||
O II | 4349.43 | 63 | 8.32 | 8.27 | 8.27 | 39 | 7.99 | 7.95 | 7.94 |
O II(B) | 4351.00 | 24 | 7.75 | 7.74 | 7.74 | ||||
O II | 4353.58 | ||||||||
O II(B) | 4366.00 | 25 | 7.76 | 7.74 | 7.74 | ||||
O II | 4369.27 | ||||||||
O II | 4395.94 | ||||||||
O II | 4414.90 | 52 | 7.89 | 7.86 | 7.86 | ||||
O II | 4416.98 | 53 | 8.20 | 8.16 | 8.16 | ||||
O II | 4452.38 | ||||||||
O II | 4590.97 | 48 | 8.17 | 8.14 | 8.14 | ||||
O II(B) | 4596.18 | 45 | 8.21 | 8.19 | 8.19 | ||||
O II | 4638.86 | 39 | 8.05 | 8.03 | 8.03 | ||||
O II | 4641.81 | 60 | 7.97 | 7.94 | 7.94 | ||||
O II(B) | 4650.00 | 111 | 7.95 | 7.92 | 7.92 | ||||
O II | 4661.63 | 32 | 7.85 | 7.83 | 7.83 | ||||
O II | 4673.73 | ||||||||
O II | 4676.23 | 39 | 8.11 | 8.09 | 8.09 | ||||
O II | 4699.00 | ||||||||
O II | 4705.35 | 33 | 7.96 | 7.94 | 7.94 | ||||
O II | 4710.00 | ||||||||
Mg II(B) | 4481.00 | 95 | 6.99 | 6.97 | 6.97 | 37 | 6.78 | 6.75 | 6.75 |
Si II | 4128.05 | ||||||||
Si II | 4130.89 | ||||||||
Si III | 4552.62 | 100 | 6.83 | 6.75 | 6.75 | 76 | 7.02 | 6.79 | 6.83 |
Si III | 4567.84 | 91 | 6.98 | 6.90 | 6.90 | 52 | 6.87 | 6.71 | 6.73 |
Si III | 4574.75 | 49 | 6.89 | 6.84 | 6.84 | 34 | 7.05 | 6.95 | 6.96 |
Si IV | 4116.10 | 67 | 6.98 | 6.73 | 6.84 | ||||
Fe III | 4419.60 | ||||||||
Fe III | 4431.02 |