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Figure 1:
Evolution of the rotational velocities for star models
of different initial masses between 120 and 9 ![]() |
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Figure 2:
Evolution of the fraction
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Figure 3:
Evolution as a function of the actual mass
of the rotation period, the rotational velocity
and the ratio of the angular velocity to the critical value during
the WR stage of massive stars. The continuous line corresponds
to the so-called eWNL phase (see text), the dotted and short-dashed lines show the evolution
during the eWNE and WC phases respectively. The long-dashed lines
in the panels for the velocities show the evolution of the polar radius,
(in this case the unity on the ordinates are
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Figure 4:
Same as Fig. 3 for 60 ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Figure 5:
Evolutionary tracks for non-rotating
(dotted lines) and rotating (continuous lines) models for a metallicity Z =
0.020.
The rotating models
have an initial velocity
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Figure 6:
Relations between the final mass versus the initial mass for solar metallicity models.
The cases with and without rotation are indicated.
The line with slope one, labeled by
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Figure 7:
The two upper panels show the evolutionary tracks of a non-rotating and a rotating 60 ![]() |
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Figure 8:
Evolutionary tracks for a non-rotating (light dotted-line) and a rotating 120 ![]() |
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Figure 9: Lifetimes of WR stars of different initial mass for non-rotating stellar models. The durations of the WR sub-phases are also indicated. There is no transition WN/WC phase. |
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Figure 10: Lifetimes for rotating stellar models in the WR subphases. |
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Figure 11:
Durations of the WR phases and of the WR sub-phases for stars of 60 ![]() |
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Figure 12:
Lifetimes of Wolf-Rayet stars from various initial masses at solar metallicity.
The continuous line shows the results from the present rotating models. The WR lifetimes of
the non-rotating
models from the present work are shown by the dotted line. The short- and long-dashed curves
show the results obtained from the
models of Schaller et al. (1992) and
Meynet et al. (1994) with normal (
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Figure 13: Variation of the number ratios of Wolf-Rayet stars to O-type stars as a function of the metallicity. The observed points are taken as in Maeder & Meynet (1994). The dotted and continuous lines show the predictions of the models of Schaller et al. (1992) and Meynet et al. (1994) with normal and enhanced mass loss rates respectively. The black square and triangle show the predictions of the present non-rotating and rotating stellar models respectively. |
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Figure 14: Variation of the number ratios of WN to WC stars as a function of metallicity. The black circles are observed points taken from Massey & Johnson (2001 and see references therein), except for the SMC (Massey & Duffy 2001), for NGC 300 (Schild et al. 2002) and for IC10, for which we show the estimate from Massey & Holmes (2002). The black square and triangle show the predictions of the present non-rotating and rotating stellar models respectively. |
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Figure 15:
Evolution of the N/C ratios (in number) as a function of the
effective temperature at the surface of various rotating stellar models. The
N/C ratios are normalized to their initial values. The
continuous lines show the results for the present rotating models (
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Figure 16:
Evolution as a function of the actual mass of the abundances (in mass fraction) at the surface of a non-rotating
(upper panel) and a rotating (lower panel) 60 ![]() |
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Figure 17:
Evolution of the abundance ratio C/N at the surface of
a 40 ![]() ![]() |
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Figure 18:
Same as Fig. 16 for 40 ![]() |
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Figure 19:
Evolutionary tracks in the ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Figure 20: Evolution of the ratios (C+O)/He as a function of the luminosity at the surface of non-rotating (dashed-lines) and rotating models (continuous lines) for various initial mass models. The correspondence between the (C+O)/He ratios and the different WC subtypes as given by Smith & Maeder 1991 is indicated on the right of the figure. |
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