Because of its excellent resolving power, the Hubble Space Telescope offers an exceptional opportunity to study the crowded centers of Galactic globular clusters (GGC). We therefore began several years ago a study of color-magnitude diagrams (CMD) of clusters, using HST's WFPC2 camera.
Our first program, GO-6095, examined 10 clusters in the HST B(F439W) and V (F555W) bands (Sosin et al. 1997a; Piotto et al. 1997), with accompanying ultraviolet images for better study of the
extended blue tails that occur on the horizontal branches (HB) of a
number of clusters. That program gave some quite interesting results,
like the first discovery of extended horizontal branches (EHB) in the
metal-rich clusters NGC 6388 and NGC 6441 (Rich et al. 1997), and the
discovery in NGC 2808 of an EHB extending down the helium-burning
main sequence, with a multimodal distribution of stars along it (Sosin
et al. 1997b). GO-6095 also persuaded us that it would be more
profitable to explore a larger number of clusters more rapidly in B and V alone, in order to delineate the upper parts of their CMDs, and
especially their HBs, with the intention of returning to the more
interesting clusters for more intensive follow-up studies. We
therefore changed our program to a snapshot study (GO-7470) aimed at
producing CMDs down to a little below the main-sequence (MS) turnoff
for all Galactic globular clusters with apparent B distance
modulus
18.0 and whose centers had not yet been observed by
HST in a comparable way - 53 clusters in all. Since snapshot programs
have no guarantee of being completed in a given year, we have
resubmitted each year the list of clusters not yet observed (GO-8118,
GO-8723). By the time we are writing this paper, only one of the GGCs
in our original list remains to be observed: NGC 6779. There were also
in the HST archive images of a number of clusters that could be
treated similarly. We have measured these in the same way as our own
images, and present here CMDs of a total of 74 GGCs, measured and
reduced in a uniform way, all observed with WFPC2 with the same filter
set, and with the PC centered on the cluster center. For all of the 74 GGCs,
we ran artificial star experiments to measure the completeness
of the star counts in all the relevant branches of the CMD. In this
paper we describe the observations, the reduction procedures, the
artificial star tests, and the steps followed to transform the
instrumental magnitudes into magnitudes in both the HST flight and
standard Johnson photometric systems.
| Cluster | Program ID | Exp. Time | Exp. Time |
| F555W [s] | F439W [s] | ||
| NGC 104 | GO6095 | 1, 7 | 7,
|
| NGC 362 | GO6095 | 3, 18 | 18,
|
| NGC 1261* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 1851 | GO6095 | 6, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 1904 | GO6095 | 7, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 2419* | archive | 10,
|
|
| NGC 2808 | GO6095 | 7, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 3201* | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 4147* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 4372 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 4590* | GO7470 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 4833 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 5024 | GO8118 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 5634 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 5694 | archive | 10,
|
120,
|
| IC 4499* | GO8723 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 5824 | archive |
|
120,
|
| NGC 5904 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 5927 | GO6095 | 10, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 5946* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 5986* | GO7470 | 10, 40 ec | 40,
|
| NGC 6093* | archive |
|
|
| NGC 6139 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6171* | GO7470 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6205* | archive |
|
|
| NGC 6229 | GO8118 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6218 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6235 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6256* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6266 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6273 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6284* | archive | 4,
|
30,
|
| NGC 6287* | archive |
|
60, 230 |
|
|
|||
| NGC 6293 | archive | 2,
|
20,
|
| NGC 6304* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6316* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6325* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6342 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6356 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6355* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| IC 1257* | GO8723 | 30, 100 | 160,
|
| NGC 6362* | GO7470 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6380 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6388 | GO6095 | 12, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 6402 | GO8118 | 7, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6401 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6397* | archive | 1, 8,
|
|
|
|
|||
| NGC 6440* | GO8723 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6441 | GO6095 | 14, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 6453 | GO8118 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6517* | GO8723 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6522 | GO6095 | 10, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 6539 | GO8118 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6540 | GO8118 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6544 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6569 | GO8118 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6584 | GO8118 | 5,
|
40,
|
| Cluster | Program ID | Exp. Time | Exp. Time |
| F555W [s] | F439W [s] | ||
| NGC 6624 | archive |
|
|
| NGC 6638 | GO8118 | 5, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6637 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6642 | GO8118 | 3, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6652* | GO6095 | 10, 50 | 50,
|
| NGC 6681* | GO8723 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6712* | archive | 60 | 160 |
| NGC 6717 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6723 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6760* | GO8723 | 7, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6838 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 6864* | GO8723 | 7, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6934* | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 6981 | GO7470 | 10, 40 | 40,
|
| NGC 7078 | archive |
|
|
| NGC 7089 | GO8118 | 3,
|
40,
|
| NGC 7099 | archive |
|
|
The data set that we present has already been shown to be extremely valuable in attacking a number of still-open topics on evolved stars in GGCs. In particular, these data have been used by Piotto et al. (1999a) to investigate the problem of the EHBs and by Raimondo et al. (2002) to study the properties of the red HB in metal-rich clusters; in Zoccali et al. (1999) and Bono et al. (2001) we have throughly discussed the red giant branch (RGB) bump, and compared the predicted position and dimension of this feature with the observed ones; in Zoccali et al. (2000) we have used the star counts on the HB and on the RGB to gather information on the helium content and on the dependence of the helium content on the cluster metallicity; in Zoccali & Piotto (2000) we have made the most extensive comparison so far available between the model evolutionary times away from the main sequence and the actual star counts on the subgiant branch (SGB) and RGB; in Cassisi et al. (2001) we have compared the observed and theoretical properties of the asymptotic giant branches; in Piotto et al. (2000) we have used the CMDs in our database for the study of the GGC relative ages, and, finally, in Piotto et al. (1999b), we have started to investigate the GGC blue straggler (BS) population, and have shown how the BS CMD and luminosity function can differ in clusters with rather different morphologies. Future papers will carry out other detailed studies based on the same data. Among these, we are presently working on the derivation of the relative ages, following the strategy already delineated in Rosenberg et al. (1999) on a similarly photometrically homogeneous set of CMDs, but from ground-based data, and by Piotto et al. (2000) on a small subsample of the present HST database. We are also working on the large BS database that came from the CMDs presented in the following sections (Piotto et al. 2002, in preparation).
As better described in Sect. 3, all the CMDs, the star positions, the magnitudes in both the F439W and F555W flight system, and the B and Vstandard Johnson system will be made available to the astronomical community immediately after the publication of the present paper.
Copyright ESO 2002