Observed | Rest | Flux | Telescope/ |
Wavelength | Wavelength | Density | Instrument |
![]() ![]() |
0.176 ![]() |
<0.98 ![]() |
CFHT (1993) |
![]() ![]() |
0.28 ![]() |
<2.8 ![]() |
CFHT (1993) |
![]() ![]() |
0.36 ![]() |
3.0 ![]() ![]() |
NTT/SUSI (1997) |
![]() ![]() |
0.88 ![]() |
67 ![]() ![]() |
UKIRT (1998) & VLT/ISAAC (2000) |
LW2 6.75 [5-8.5] ![]() |
2.7 ![]() |
0.89 -0.33+0.47 mJy | ISOCAM (1996) |
LW3 15 [12-18] ![]() |
6.0 ![]() |
0.76 -0.40+0.87 mJy | ISOCAM (1996) |
13 cm | 5.0 cm | 0.8 ![]() |
ATCA (1995) |
22 cm | 8.9 cm | 1.4 ![]() |
ATCA (1995) |
35 cm | 14.2 cm | <2.1 mJy | MOST (1993) |
Radio data
The cluster A1732 was observed with the
Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) on 1995 April 18 at
frequencies of 1.344 and 2.378 GHz. Total integration time was 10 hours
in the 6C array, which gives interferometer spacings from
153 m-6 km. The synthesised half-power beamwidths at the declination
of A1732 were
(PA
)
at 1.344 GHz
and
(PA
)
at 2.378 GHz. The
primary flux density calibrator was PKS B1934-638, with B1245-197
and B1622-297 as secondary phase calibrators. ISO J1324-2016 appeared as an
unresolved radio source, with a fitted position of
,
(J2000), and flux densities of
and
mJy at 1.344 and 2.378 GHz,
respectively. The spectral index over this interval is
(
). The 0.5'' radio positional
accuracy was essential for the follow-up identification work.
Optical/NIR broad-band imaging
From 1993 CFHT images of A1732,
the following upper limits on ISO J1324-2016 were set: B> 24.5, R >
22.7. However, since the source was close to the CCD edge, and
affected by vignetting, these limits do not provide a useful
constraint. The source was then observed in 1997 (March 05-06) at ESO
with NTT/SUSI for two hours in the I band; the seeing was
0.6''. In the radio error box, we discovered an object with
(see Fig. 1). The I image of the identification is
unambiguously pointlike (
FWHM < 0.6''). Subsequently, we obtained a
UKIRT service image (1998 April 21) of the field and measured a Kmagnitude of 17.5. This magnitude of
was later
confirmed by the VLT/ISAAC acquisition image (see Fig. 1); moreover,
with a seeing of 0.4'', the ISAAC K image of ISO J1324-2016 remains
pointlike. The I-K color of 4.9 emphasises the extreme redness of
the source spectrum - at least in the observed frame - and the
present lower limit, R-K > 5.2, reinforces the status of ISO J1324-2016 as an
ERO.
X-ray observations
The field of Abell 1732 was observed
with the ROSAT HRI for 30 ks (1996 January 15-27; Pierre
et al. 1996) and with ASCA for a total integration time of
90 ks
and
100 ks by the SIS and GIS instruments
respectively (1997 July 6-7; Pierre et al. 1999). ISO J1324-2016 is not
detected by the HRI. This sets a 3
flux upper limit of
erg s-1 cm-2 in the [0.1-2.4] keV
band, assuming a standard power-law spectrum with a photon index
of 2 (or
erg s-1 cm-2 if corrected
for Galactic absorption). In the [0.4-10] keV ASCA images,
because of the large instrumental point spread function, the
cluster image encompasses the ISO J1324-2016 position, making its detection
impossible.
The NIR spectroscopy
A 2-hour spectroscopic observation
(1998 May 23) at intermediate resolution with EFOSC on the ESO 3.6-m
telescope over the range 4000-9000 Å did not reveal any
significant absorption/emission features.
This stressed the need for deep NIR spectroscopy with a larger
telescope. ISO J1324-2016 was observed with the low resolution spectroscopic
mode of VLT1/ISAAC on 2000 June 7 & 9. Three grating settings
were used to cover the 1.1-2.5 m range. As is standard in
the IR, the target was observed at two positions along the slit
(which we shall call the A and B beams). The bright and variable
night sky lines were removed by subtracting the respective spectra
from each other. The resulting two-dimensional spectra were then
corrected for slit distortion and wavelength calibrated with the
OH lines or with arc lamps.
Residual lines from the night sky were then removed by combining
spectra from the A and B beams. This process works well enough that
one-dimensional spectra can be extracted without any need for
additional sky subtraction. In addition to ISO J1324-2016, two hot stars, with
spectral type A0 or earlier, were observed with the same instrument
configuration. These stars were used to remove telluric features in
the spectra of ISO J1324-2016.
The one-dimensional spectra are shown in Fig. 2; spectral resolution
is 21.4 and 28.4 Å in the J and H bands respectively. The
redshift from the H
line is
.
The H
and [OIII] lines show a relative blueshift of some 1500 and 800
km s-1 respectively. The Balmer decrement is uncertain
because the H
line is very noisy (due to a sky line at 1.215
m) and appears to be narrower than H
;
the estimated value of
20+10-4 is significantly higher than more common values of
5-10. The total corresponding B extinction would be
AB =
7+2-1 in the source restframe, assuming standard extinction
laws (Mathis 1990).
Copyright ESO 2001