... heating

Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, The Netherlands and the UK) and with the participation of ISAS and NASA, and on observations obtained at Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope.

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... (OSIA

OSIA and SIA are joint developments by the ESA astrophysics division, the ISO-SWS, and the ISO-LWS consortium.

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... Analysis

CIA is a joint development by the ESA astrophysics division and the ISOCAM consortium.

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