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Fig. 3.

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Left panel: Median lopsided amplitude as a function of redshift for our selected sample of disk-like galaxies at each analyzed redshift between 0<z<2, divided into centrals and satellites. Shaded areas are defined by the 25th–75th interquartile range of the data at each bin. The horizontal dotted black line indicates the threshold A1 = 0.1 used to classify galaxies into lopsided (A1>0.1) and symmetric (A1<0.1) at z = 0 (Varela-Lavin et al. 2023; Dolfi et al. 2023). Right panel: Fraction of lopsided galaxies as a function of redshift for centrals and satellites.

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