Modelled CAMF for the fit to Hunt & Reffert (2023, 2024) data. In the right panel, the model CAMF with no smoothing is shown. Dashed lines are mass loss tracks corresponding to initial masses of 1 M_⊙, 10 M_⊙, 10² M_⊙, 10³ M_⊙, 10⁴ M_⊙, 10⁵ M_⊙, and 10⁶ M_⊙. In the left panel, the contours of the smoothed observed CAMF are plotted over the error-smoothed model CAMF. Contour levels of the smoothed data are marked with solid lines on the colour scale bar.