Redshift evolution of the UV luminosity density at z ∼ 5 − 21. Solid lines show the mean of five runs for each model, using dust attenuated values of ρ_UV integrating down to observed magnitude limits of M_UV ≲ −17. Shaded areas show the maximum and minimum values associated with these runs. Dotted lines show values of the intrinsic luminosity density integrating over all galaxies. As marked, points show observational results (Donnan et al. 2023; McLeod et al. 2024; Finkelstein et al. 2024; Whitler et al. 2025) and the faint pink shaded area corresponds to the 16% and 84% marginal constraints from the JADES origin field (Robertson et al. 2024).