Properties of the observed waves between 13:44:30–13:48:50 UT in the spacecraft frame, derived from the mean-field-transformed continuous wavelet transformation of MAG data. (a–b) PSDs of two perpendicular magnetic field components (a) B_⊥, 1 and (b) B_⊥, 2. (c) PSD of the parallel magnetic field component B_∥. (d) Wave normal angle, the angle between background magnetic field and wave vector. (e) Ellipticity, the ratio of minor axis to major axis. Negative or positive values indicate the polarization is left- or right-handed respectively. The “cross-hatched” areas in (d–e) mark the regions where the PSD of B_⊥ is lower than 40 nT²/Hz, since the PSDs of the observed waves in (a–b) are both larger than 20 nT²/Hz. The white and magenta curves give Doppler-shifted equivalent local cyclotron-frequencies for protons and α-particles. The horizontal dashed white lines and the white shades mark the frequency of 0.09 Hz and the cones-of-influence, respectively.