Tensile strength measurements of C1 to C6 dust (from top left to bottom right) for different VFFs. The various VFFs were achieved by applying different compressive stresses to the samples during preparation. The smaller purple symbols indicate individual measurements in air or in a vacuum. The larger green symbols are the means of these measurements in different filling-factor ranges, and the dashed ellipses (in lin-lin space) are for visualization only. The black asterisks indicate the tensile strengths, including uncertainties, at a VFF of 0.5, determined with a power-law fit (Eq. (2)) to the individual measurements.