The individual acoustic rays (generated at the depth of 65 km and travelling to the bottom of the plot) by a moving supersonic source, v = 120 km s⁻¹, depositing a momentum below the photosphere (the origin) under 30° angle to the right hand side (RHS) from the local vertical for the times shown above the plots. The rays are computed numerically for parameters extracted from model S and shown in Fig. 7c. The rays are colour-coded in the range 3–11 mHz with 3 corresponding to the darkest shade. The photosphere is denoted by the top line, the X-axis denotes a distance in Mm from the point of momentum deposition. The points of ray reflection from the photosphere are observed as ripples on the surface, or a sunquake, generated about and propagating outward the central point of the momentum deposition.